Bus Carving Item Number: Af416 from the MOA: University of British Columbia

Description

A representation of a decorated bus, or mammy wagon, labelled 'Iban to Lagos', and carrying seven thorn carving passengers, a driver, and three assorted items. Six passengers are sitting on benches in the rear of the vechicle facing the back. They are wearing short garments, dresses, and shorts. One, in a dress, is wearing a conical hat. Another is wearing a high pointed hat. The driver is wearing a sleeveless shirt and a soft pointed hat. The front seat passenger is wearing a short dress and a high pointed hat while appearing to be in animated conversation. The bus has a steering wheel, a gear shift, eight lights, a dashboard, a rear loading platform, rear doors marked stop, a mirror on the driver's side, and hubcaps. The destination label, and sides of the bus are decorated with pictures of potted plants. Dashboard, headlights, interior fittings, clothing, and one cargo item are light yellow-brown. The figures' heads, limbs, the gear shift, two cargo items, and wheels are dark brown. Has a rectangular wood platform underneath.

History Of Use

Thorn carvings are miniatures depicting scenes from Nigerian life; this type of carving began circa 1930. Thorns were carved by men and they vary in size, they can be as large as 12.7 cm long and 9.6 cm wide; they are comparatively soft and easily carved. This carving of a bus, also known as a mammy wagon, shows the use of actual mammy wagons- they were supposed to carry farm produce from the hinterlands to city centres and markets. Produce was the priority for travel, so travellers would sit however they could in the space left over. This is why the passengers in the carving are sitting backwards and the produce is sitting closer to the driver. Mammy wagons are no longer prominent in Nigeria. The vehicles were almost always decorated.

Cultural Context

craft; tourist art

Specific Techniques

The light yellow-brown thorn and the dark brown thorn used here come from the ata tree; the light red-brown thorn comes from egun trees. The figures are composed from thorns of differing hues, each carved separately before the pieces are glued together with viscous paste made from rice cooked with water.

Narrative

This thorn carving was made specifically for the donors by the artist.

Item History

What

Name
Bus Carving
Identification Number
Af416
Type of Item
carving
Material
atum thorn, egun thorn, wood, stain and rice adhesive
Manufacturing Technique
carved and glued
Overall
height 18.0 cm, width 12.0 cm, depth 36.0 cm

Who

Culture
Yoruba
Previous Owner
Andrew Stewart and Jessie Stewart
Received from
Andrew Stewart (Donor) and Jessie Stewart (Donor)

Where

Holding Institution
MOA: University of British Columbia
Made in
Nigeria

When

Creation Date
before 1972
Collection Date
during 1972
Ownership Date
before February 8, 1980
Acquisition Date
on February 8, 1980

Other

Item Classes
carvings & sculpture
Condition
good
Current Location
Case 100
Accession Number
0590/0102