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Description

Panakawan (clown) puppet named Gareng. The head (part a) has a large lump on the back of the neck, below a fringe of black hair and a bald scalp. Painted between the blue eyes are expression lines, above a large hooked nose. The mouth is open and smiling, revealing a single white tooth. The torso (part b) is clothed in village style dress, with a short sleeved plaid shirt and a long checked sarong. The sarong hides a removable wooden stick (part c) that extends through the torso to control the movement of the head and connects the figure to its wooden base (part d). The arms are moveable at the shoulder and elbow by wooden sticks attached to each black gloved hand.

Iconographic Meaning

Gareng; punakawan (clown-servant) character.

History Of Use

Javanese puppetry as an art form probably developed by the 11th century. The three-dimensional wooden wayang golek puppets of western Java, which are to be distinguished from the earlier wayang kulit shadow play puppets or other forms, appeared during the 16th century. Originally the plays depicted Javanese mythology, but after the Indian conquest of Java the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata, were incorporated into the cycles, which comprise about 200 plays. An individual or group hires a dalang (puppet-master) to celebrate important occasions. The performances often last all night and are generally presented in three acts, with vocal and instrumental accompaniment. The individual plays vary widely in detail but usually involve conflict between good and evil. They serve a moral and religious purpose, and more recently, one of political commentary. Each puppet's character is represented by its appearance and placement on stage; protagonists with strong elements of good are placed to the right, antagonists of violent or evil nature to the left. The Panakawan puppets are “clown-servants”, providing comic relief and commentary and acting as aids and advisors to the hero of the play. They represent common villagers. Role is commonly trivial buffoonery, they present a contrast to their refined lords, who they often parody along with their high ideals and interplay with the gods. The Panakawan serve to cast the Hindu tradition in a more acceptable, human light. They are an intermediary between the gods and the nobles who they serve, and the more common audience, who themselves display characteristics of both good and evil. The Panakawan provide levity to the plays and also to the more serious spiritual concerns, which demonstrates the flexibility and perhaps accounts for the continuing popularity of the rich and sophisticated tradition of Indonesian puppetry. This puppet character is named Garang.