ID Number

Title

Item Name

Culture

Material

Manufacturing Technique

Date Made

Maker

Maker

Place Made

Date Owned

Owner

Acquisition Date

Source

Measurements

Item Classes

Condition

Current Location

Accession Number

Cultural Context

trade; personal ornamentation; political alliance

Description

Latin cross with cloverleaf terminals, punch marks and zigzag engraving. Maker's mark illegible.

Specific Techniques

Roulette engraving produces a uniform zigzag, an identifying feature of the technique, and is created by using a revolving disk with sharp teeth.

History Of Use

Silver ornaments represent an important part of early exchange between Europeans, including fur traders, and first nations people, especially in Eastern and Central Canada and the USA. Initially, the main sources of silver were British, French, and Spanish coins. Most ornaments were produced by silversmiths of European origin in North America and Europe, and were actively traded only from 1760 to 1821. By the mid-18th century silver objects were produced in New England, Quebec and Montreal. Silver was used by first nations people as a sign of rank. Silver ornaments in these styles continue to be produced by native silversmiths in Central Canada and the USA. The cross was the oldest form of trade silver, introduced by French missionaries to North America for presentation to converts. Crosses were later used as trade silver with no religious connotations. They circulated well into the 19th century, and were worn on the chest.

Watson dealth with the XY Company. In 1798 a group of Montreal traders formed the New North West Company to compete wit the North West Company (NWC). The former was dubbed the XY Company after the insignia on its kegs and bales of furs. When former NWC partner, Alexander Mackenzie, joined the XY Company, the name was changed to Alexander Mackenzie and Company. In 1804 the two companies merged under the NorthWest Company name. Newman, Peter Co. "Empire of the Bay", Viking 1985.