From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM REPT, 1902; P1. 165; P. 548."

FROM CARD: "SIXTEEN LARGE PECTEN SHELLS ARE PERFORATED NEAR THE HINGE AND STRUNG ON A HOOP OF SPRUCE ROOT; AT THE HANDLE IS A BUNDLE OF FEATHERS LIKE THOSE FROM A TURKEY, AND STRIPS OF RED AND BLUE FLANNEL WOUND WITH THREE BANDS OF RED. ILLUS. IN PROCEEDINGS, USNM, VOL. 60, ART. 9; PL. 38, NO. 7; P. 48. LOANED TO RENWICK 9/3/81. RETURNED 1983. ILLUS.: P. 80, PL. 64, CELEBRATIONS CATALOGUE, SMITHSONIAN PRESS, 1982. SHELL RATTLE, CA. 1850-73. CLALLAM COAST SALISH INDIANS; PORT TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON. SPRUCE-ROOT HOOP, RED AND BLUE FLANNEL, STRING,FEATHERS, SCALLOP SHELLS. SCALLOP-SHELL RATTLES LIKE THIS ONE WERE PART OF THE CEREMONIAL REGALIA OF THE SAIHWE DANCERS, A RELIGIOUS SOCIETY AMONG SOME OF THE COAST SALISH PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHERN COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. THE SAIHWE PERFORMED DURING CEREMONIAL RITES OF PASSAGE AND WHENEVER AN INDIVIDUAL ASSUMED A NEW STATUS AND GUESTS RECEIVED GIFTS. SAIHWE DANCERS WERE FOUR IN NUMBER, EACH WEARING A BIRDLIKE MASK, A NECK SHIELD, ROWS OF SWAN FEATHERS, LEGGINGS OF SWANSDOWN SKIN, AND DEER-HOOF ANKLETS. A DANCER CARRIED A CEDAR BRANCH IN HIS LEFT HAND TO BALANCE THE SCALLOP-SHELL RATTLE HELD IN HIS RIGHT HAND. ILLUS. HANDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 11 BOTTOM RIGHT, PG. 468."

BELT OR TUMP LINE MADE OF BOTH PROTEIN AND CELLULOSE FIBER. Catalogue number most likely either E23473 or E23476, in the James G. Swan collection. - F. Pickering 8-1-2006Illus. Fig. 43, p. 102, in Tepper, Leslie Heymann, Janice George, and Willard Joseph. 2017. Salish Blankets: robes of protection and transformation, symbols of wealth.E23472, ET14189, and E23470 are visible in a display case at the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, New York, 1901, as part of the Smithsonian Institution and United States National Museum exhibits in the United States Government Building, featuring "American Aboriginal Handicraft Types of Weaving" presented by Department of Anthropology. USNM Neg. No. 13764. Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 95, Box 62A, Folder 12, Image No. SIA_000095_B62A_F12_003. https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_401053 .

From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.