Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/2 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Bow drill set consisting of a bow and spindle. The bow has been fashioned from a rib. A thong made from twisted sinew is attached through a hole drilled at one end of the bow; at the other end a drilled hole has broken, and the lashing has been tied around the rib. The spindle has a wood shaft and an iron bit that is inserted into a slice cut into one end and held in place with a sinew lashing. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/20: The bow drills in the MacFarlane Collection were used for boring holes into wood, antler, bone and ivory. The drill spindle (shaft) has a bit at one end, and the other end is shaped to fit into a bearing that is held between the teeth. The spindle is rotated by wrapping a slack thong attached at each end of a drill bow around it, and moving the bow back and forth. Ancestral Inuvialuit also used another type of bow drill for starting fires.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/1 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Graver with an iron blade set into a handle made from antler. The blade has been sharpened along one edge and at the tip. The handle consists of two pieces of antler with matching grooves at one end that hold the blade. Parts of the handle pieces near the blade have been cut away, leaving a slight step at that end, and several notches have been cut into the outer edges of each piece. The two parts of the handle are secured by a wrapping of braided sinew that is held in position by the notches. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/27: Gravers with iron tips held in bone and antler shafts were used for engraving designs on ivory, bone antler and wood.

FROM CARD: "INVENTORIED 1977."This object is on loan to the Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, from 2010 through 2027.Photo and description in Fienup-Riordan, Ann. 2007. Yuungnaqpiallerput, The Way We Genuinely Live: Masterworks of Yup'ik Science and Survival. Seattle: University Of Washington Press, p. 315Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact https://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=82 , retrieved 10-24-2018; see web page for additional information: Hat, Yup'ik. This simple caribou fur hat, trimmed along the bottom with bear or wolverine, reminded Yup'ik elders of the ways that clothing expresses place, identity, and family, and how it connects the thoughts and lives of human and animal beings. People wore circular caps like this in regions south of the Yukon River, where parkas were made without hoods.

FROM CARD: "67904 LOANED TO C-H. 8/19/81. RETURNED TO NHB 2/15/82." SEE USNM AR 1895, P. 965 - 6, WHERE THIS ARTIFACT IS DESCRIBED: "BOW OR HANDLE. AN ALMOST SQUARE, SLIGHTLY CURVED SPECIMEN, WITH ENGRAVINGS ON ALL SIDES EXCEPTING THE UNDER OR CONCAVE ONE. THE TOP OR CONVEX SURFACE BEARS, AMONG OTHER OBJECTS, A LARGE UMIAK, THE FOUR OCCUPANTS OF WHICH ARE INDICATED BY THE HEADS, ARMS, AND PADDLES ONLY, THE VERTICAL BODY LINE BEING PURPOSELY OMITTED OR FORGOTTEN. SOME CONVENTIONAL TREES ARE USED AS ORNAMENTAL MARKINGS. THE SIDES BEAR SEAL HUNTS,... . EACH SIDE IS ORNAMENTED BY TWO DEEPLY INCISED GROOVES, ONE AT EITHER EDGE OF THE FACES OF THE BOW, AND THE ENGRAVINGS ARE DEEPLY AND FORCIBLY MADE, ALL BEING FILLED IN WITH BLACK. THOUGH MARKED AS FROM 'CHILKAT', THE SPECIMEN HAS THE CHARACTERISTIC APPEARANCE OF THE WORK DONE BY THE NATIVES OF NORTON SOUND."

FROM CARD: "*IDENTIFIED AS ESKIMO BY DR. H. B. COLLINS 10/1977. INVENTORIED 1977."Attributed to U.S. Exploring Expedition/Wilkes collection on the catalogue card, however Jane Walsh doubts that attribution.