From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.

Hat has a partial original tag which says "Mrs. Froh..., Pacific ... , 13 & Washi...". This is presumably "Mrs. Frohman". On p. 542 of Mason, Otis T., and Frederick V. Coville. 1904. Aboriginal American basketry: studies in a textile art without machinery. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. https://archive.org/details/aboriginalbasket00masorich , there is listed a Mrs. J. Frohman of Portland, Oregon, who is identified as having a collection of West Coast basketry and matting. She and her collection are also mentioned starting p. 259 in James, George Wharton. 1909. Indian basketry, and How to make Indian and other baskets. New York: Malkan. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3599575;view=1up;seq=265 ; a number of her baskets are also illustrated in this publication. On pp. 73 - 74 of Wray, Jacilee. 2012. From the hands of a weaver: Olympic Peninsula basketry through time. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10828042, Mrs. Frohman is mentioned as a basket collector, and it is also noted: "The Frohman Trading Company published a catalog [in 1902 etc.] offering "Alaska, California, and Northern Indian Baskets and Curios” for sale to both a wholesale and retail market." While a number of the above references refer to her as Mrs. J. Frohman, she is assumed to be the same person as the one listed on p. 36 in American Society of Curio Collectors. 1902 Yearbook where there is an entry under "Collectors of Indian Baskets" for "Mrs. I. Frohman, corner Thirteenth and Washington streets, Portland, Ore." See also "A Business Woman In Japan" in The sun. (New York [N.Y.]), 03 Dec. 1911. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1911-12-03/ed-1/seq-21/ .

Listed on page 45 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)".

From card: "Red and black design with sweat band of decorated cloth. On exhibit: Hall 11, May 1990." Per Jay Stewart and Peter Macnair 7-20-2005 this is a spruce root hat, "maker unknown. The weaver and the painter of this hat appear to be the originators of a tradition of making spruce root hats for sale that continued into the 20th century. This is one of the earliest spruce root hats that was made for sale."

FROM CARD: "20258 & 20259 IDENTIFIED [in MARCH, 1979] BY PETER MACNAIR, B.C. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM, VICTORIA, AS MADE BY CHARLES EDENSHAW. INVENTORIED 1979." FROM CARD [for E20257 through 20259], 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL: "NAPKIN RINGS.---MADE OF THIN SILVER BANDS, WITH EXTERIORS ENGRAVED WITH VARIOUS FIGURES. HAIDAH INDIANS. DIAM., 1 1/2 INS. HEIGHT, 1 7/16 INS. CASSIAR, BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1876. COLLECTED BY J. G. SWAN FOR CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, 1876. MADE BY HAIDAH INDIANS UNDER DIRECTION OF MR. SULLIVAN, GOLD COMMISSIONER OF DOMINION OF CANADA. BURNISHED BY RUDOLPH, OF VICTORIA, B. C."E20258 and E20259 had been attributed to Charles Edenshaw by Peter Macnair in 1979. However, Robin Wright, 2013, attributes them as Haida, but by an unknown maker. She also identifies the figure on E20259 as a sea lion. Illus. Fig. 205, p. 180 in Wright, Robin Kathleen, Daina Augaitis, Robert Davidson, and James Hart. 2013. Charles Edenshaw. London: Black Dog Publishing. The napkin ring is attributed to an unknown maker rather than to Charles Edenshaw, which is discussed on pp. 180-181, and design is described as consisting of a sea lion and foliate scrolls. "This napkin ring was collected at the Cassiar Mine in British Columbia by James G. Swan in 1875. It was one of the many pieces he collected on that trip that featured foliate scrollwork demonstrating the popularity of that motif at the time."

FROM CARD: "WOOD INLAID WITH IVORY. REFER: MCGUIRE: USNM.REPORT, 1897, FIG. 187, P. 585."Written on this pipe in old handwriting: "Pipe - N. W. Coast Ex. Ex. b.17 - R. R. Waldron." This may mean that Richard Russell Waldron, purser, USS Vincennes, was the collector of this pipe. Provenience note, in 1841 Oregon Territory encompassed the land from Russian Alaska to Spanish California and from the Pacific to the Continental Divide. The U.S. Exploring Expedition did not go to Canada, but did reach Oregon Territory in 1841, and carried out a hydrographic survey of the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades, as well as doing some surveying inland.They had dealings with Hudson's Bay Company staff during that time, and it is probable that the HBC is the source of a number of the Northwest Coast artifacts collected by the expedition.7-20-2005 Jay Stewart and Peter Macnair note about this panel pipe or ship pipe that "This is another rare example of the wooden panel pipe. It has a wooden base and (the design) incorporates houses, fortifications and a picket fence carved from whalebone."Illus. Fig. 14, p. 46 in Wright, Robin K., 1979, "Haida Argillite Ship Pipes," American Indian Art Magazine, 5(1). Identified there as as a wooden ship pipe: "Pipe of wood, paint, glass, whalebone. Has picket fence, house-like cabins, floral and palm tree motifs and blockhouse."Object on display in National Museum of Natural History exhibit "Objects of Wonder", 2017.