From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.

Listed on page 49 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)".

FROM CARD: "SCALE OF MODEL 1 INCH EQUALS 1 FOOT: SIZE OF ORIGINAL: 36' L.,25" D., PADDLES 8'9" TO 9'9" L. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL.7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 6, PG. 245. REFER: COLLIN'S MS. P. 918. USNM. BULL.127, P.221, FIG.67." Handbook of North American Indians photo caption identifies as a model of a Northern canoe. Model has a mast.It may be presumed that this object was probably collected by George Gibbs during his time on the Northwest Boundary Survey, 1857-1860?Canoe model appears in Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on artfact http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=1 , retrieved 6-24-2012.For more information, see pdf of additional documentation on the Gibbs collections provided by Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa which is filed with the Emu accession/transaction record.