From card: "For paint, Lignite is ground with salmon eggs. For tattooing, ground with water." Neg. #2005-22350 is photo of this mortar with lignite paint Catalogue No. E88904.Listed on page 50 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)". Listed under incorrect number 89013.

FROM CARD: "HEAD, BUST AND ARMS OF WOMAN CARVED IN RELIEF ON SQUARE BACKGROUND, THE MARGINS INLAID WITH ABALONE. IT IS THE FRONT OF A HEADDRESS OF ERMINE. L.P. EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, 1904. OBJECT IS ILLUS. FIG. 6, P. 65, IN EMMONS, GEORGE T. "PORTRAITURE AMONG THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST TRIBES," AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, 16(1), 1914. OBJECT IDENTIFIED THERE AS "BUST OF A YOUNG GIRL NATURALLY POSED AND DRESSED IN THE STYLE OF A GENERATION AGO; IT IS SAID TO REPRESENT THE FAVORITE DAUGHTER OF A HAIDA CHIEF WHOSE UNTIMELY DEATH SO SADDENED THE FATHER THAT HE HAD HER IMAGE CARVED IN THIS MANNER IN ORDER THAT HE MIGHT WEAR IT ON CEREMONIAL OCCASIONS ON THE FRONT OF HIS HEAD-DRESS." SEE FIG. 11, P. 180 OF BILL HOLM, "WILL THE REAL CHARLES EDENSAW PLEASE STAND UP?", IN "THE WORLD IS AS SHARP AS A KNIFE"; BRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL MUSEUM, VICTORIA, 1981, WHERE FRONTLET IS ATTRIBUTED TO CARVER CHARLES GWAYTIHL. [NOTE: RESEARCH BY ROBIN WRIGHT IDENTIFIES NAME AS JOHN GWAYTIHL, NOT CHARLES, BUT WRIGHT ATTRIBUTES PIECE TO SIMEON STILTHDA, NOT GWAYTIHL, SEE BELOW]. SEE PL. 30, P. 41 IN GEORGE F. MACDONALD, HAIDA MONUMENTAL ART; UNIV. OF BRITISH COLUMBIA PRESS, VANCOUVER, 1983. PLATE IS 1890'S PHOTO TAKEN AT SKIDEGATE SHOWING FRONTLET BEING WORN BY WOMAN IN BACK ROW. Object is illus.: Fig. 6, p. 40 in Wright, Robin K. "The Depiction of Women in Nineteenth Century Haida Argillite Carving," American Indian Art Magazine 11(4), Autumn 1986. Object is described on p.44- 45 of this article and again identified as Haida. 4/18/1967 Loaned to Vancouver Art. Gallery; 12/13/1967 Returned. Loaned to the Art Institute of Chicago 6/22/77; Returned 12/1/77."Originally cataloged as Tlingit, but later changed to Haida. Catalog card notes: "...corrected based on G.T. Emmons, American Anthropologist 16 (1): 65 (fig. 6), W. Sturtevant 12/2/1988"7-21-2005 per Jay Stewart and Peter Macnair, this artifact has been attributed to maker Simeon Stilthda (d. 1883), rather than Gwaytihl. See Collections Lab accession file for additional information. See Fig. 5.60, p. 295 of Wright, Robin Kathleen. 2001. Northern Haida master carvers. Seattle: University of Washington Press, where Wright attributes this headdress frontlet to Simeon Stilthda/Simeon sdiihldaa. See also pp. 45-46, and Fig. 11 p. 48 in Wright, Robin K. "Two Haida Artists from Yani: Will John Gwaytihl and Simeon Stilthda Please Step Apart," American Indian Art Magazine 23(3), Summer 1998.See also accession file for Accession 41221, which contains information about objects from several different Emmons accessions. It appears to contain information about headdress frontlet # E221176. It may be the object referred to on a list at the end of that file as "Head dress mask from Skidigit [presumably Skidegate?], womans face + bust carved."

Small plate carved from black argillite. Three concentric circles are incised on bottom, inner surface. A rim (1.2 cm. wide) is incised with stylized leaf patterns. Underside of plate is elaborately carved with flower and leaf design. Crosshatch is used as background filler.Incised and carved relief decoration, front and back, including floral and leaf motifs, compass-drawn motifs, cross-hatching. Has original Peale # label.Provenience note, in 1841 Oregon Territory encompassed the land from Russian Alaska to Spanish California and from the Pacific to the Continental Divide. The U.S. Exploring Expedition did not go to Canada, but did reach Oregon Territory in 1841, and carried out a hydrographic survey of the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades, as well as doing some surveying inland.They had dealings with Hudson's Bay Company staff during that time, and it is probable that the HBC is the source of a number of the Northwest Coast artifacts collected by the expedition. This object has been attributed as possibly Haida, based on its being made of argillite.

From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.

From card: "Carved from mountain sheep horn."

CATALOGUE IDENTIFIES AS MADE OF SEA LION THROAT, HOWEVER FRAN REED COMMENTS THAT THIS IS LARGE AND COULD BE WHALE INSTEAD, 2/1999.From card: "Fisnskeu." There is an original Swan tag attached to 88741, marked to indicate that the information applies to E88740, E88741, and E88742: "No. 37, 3 pouches made of throat of sea lion used for holding feathers for dancing. Tisn [or Fisn] skeu. Haida, Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, July 1883, 28 c each."