This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/106 , retrieved 1-24-2020. General information on pipes is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe

From card: "Fish spear point bone."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/105 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Arrowhead made from bone. It is self-pointed, with barbs along one edge and a conical tang that appears to have been repaired. The Smithsonian Institution catalogue identifies this as a tip for a fish spear; however, it is similar in size and shape to arrowheads on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

A sinew cable-backed bow.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/104 , retrieved 1-8-2020: Sinew-backed recurve bow made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is elliptical in cross section along its entire length and flares outward slightly between the grip at the midpoint and the ends when viewed from the front and back. It has knob-like projections at each end for holding the bowstring, which is of braided sinew. The braided sinew backing is attached to sinew lashings that pass under the backing cables and encircle the stave. A piece of hide has been laid between the backing and the stave. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.

FROM CARD: "FIFTH OF REAL SIZE. SEMILUNAR SHAPE, SLATE, SOME TRACES OF BURNING. ILLUS: USNM REPT. 1896; PL 10; P. 1048." SEE NMNH REGISTRAR FILE "177 FOR THE YEAR 1863".Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/103 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Lamp model. Oil lamp carved from soapstone. This item is only 9 cm long, and is described in the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a model of a travelling lamp, which was a small lamp carried by people when they were travelling away from their main dwellings. It also resembles lamps used in domestic settings. It has the crescent shape characteristic of oil lamps, but lacks a ledge for a wick. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/37: Lamps carved from soapstone were used for lighting and heating dwellings. Oil placed in the shallow basin was soaked up by a moss wick and set alight. Lamps used in sod houses ranged up to a metre in length. Smaller lamps around 20 cm in length were commonly used to illuminate and warm up snow houses when travelling in winter.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/102 , retrieved 1-27-2020: An adze with an iron blade attached to a wood handle with a thong made from hide. The blade is an axe head of European origin that has been has reshaped by cutting deep indentations along both sides, and a groove has been cut into the upper surface and adjacent edges to hold the thong that secures the head to the handle . A manufacturer's mark stamped into the original axe head is partially obscured by the groove cut into the upper surface. The handle has been skillfully shaped to provide a secure grip and balance. The end of the handle where it is attached to the blade has been cut aslant and has an elongated hole through which the hide thong repeatedly passes. The thong lies in the groove on the head, protecting it while the adze was in use. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/3: The short-handled adze was used for shaping large pieces of wood. The blades of traditional Inuvialuit adzes were made made from stone. When metal axe and hatchet blades became available through trade Inuvialuit used them to make adzes by hafting the blades sideways onto wood handles. The blade was bound to the handle using a thick hide thong that was put on when wet, and which shrank and became hard and tight when dry. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: You can tell if an adze was used by a right-handed or a left-handed person. If you place an adze on its head, with the sharp edge pointed toward you, the handle tilts to the right if it was made for a right-handed person and to the left if it was used by a lefty. The more a head was offset, the bigger the person who used it.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/101 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Ivory harpoon head tipped with an iron blade. The harpoon head has a single set of paired barbs, and the iron blade also is barbed. The blade is secured in a slot in the harpoon head by two copper rivets that have been inserted at right angles to each other. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/30: Harpoons are used for hunting sea mammals such as seals and whales. They have a point, or 'head', that separates from the rest of the harpoon and remains attached to the quarry. A line running from the harpoon head is held by the hunter or attached to a float, allowing the animal or fish to be retrieved. Thrusting harpoons, used for hunting seals at breathing holes on the sea ice, generally have long foreshafts that swivel inside a socket piece attached to the harpoon shaft in order to release the harpoon head. Throwing harpoons used for hunting seals and whales in open water normally have foreshafts that are more securely fixed to the harpoon shaft. Both types are found in the MacFarlane Collection.

FROM CARD: "METAL BOWL."This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/100 , retrieved 1-24-2020. General information on pipes is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.

Records in the SI Archives of the Office of Distribution say this was sent to Chicago Academy in 1867 but apparently either this is incorrect or it was later returned to the MuseumE1107, line # 2 of 2 (line # 1 of 2 not described on website): Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/99 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Coiled line made from the hide of an unidentified animal. It is approximately 1 cm. wide and 5 metres in length. The coils have been tied with a smaller thong, also made from hide.

FROM CARD: "2 PAIRS. 2 PAIR FOUND WITH NO. 1730 -- L.L.L. 2/1976."Information for mittens pair # 1 of 2: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/98 , retrieved 12-27-2019: A pair of mittens made of caribou hide. The pieces that form the palms and inner parts of the thumbs have had the hair removed. Strips of caribou hide are sewn around the cuffs and along horizontal seams where several pieces of hide are sewn together. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/97 , retrieved 1-17-2020: Crooked knife with an iron blade attached to an antler handle with two iron rivets. One face of the handle where it is joined to the blade is curved and has an indentation to provide a grip for the thumb when held in the right hand. The handle is decorated on the same face with an incised line. A hide thong has been wrapped around the handle to improve the grip. A hole drilled through the handle at one end may have been intended to hold a thong for hanging this tool. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/18: Crooked knives were used for shaping wood, bone and antler. The Inuvialuit style of crooked knife has a small blade attached near the end of a curved handle. The knife is held with the fingers of one hand on the underside of the handle, and the thumb positioned on top of the blade in an indentation in the handle. The craftsman rests the underside of the blade against the object being worked, and draws the knife towards the body while using the thumb on the hand holding the tool to check the depth of the cut.