The paper is white. The ink is black, red, green, and yellow.

The paint is green, red, black, white, and yellow.

9. TWINED SPRUCE ROOT HAT Haida-style weaving; Kwakwaka'wakw-style painting; rings from a different hat This hat has been altered from its original form. It appears that parts of two separate hats have been joined together, the basketry rings and the crown of the hat (at the top) have been joined to the flaring sides.

These shield-shaped objects made of commercial copper represent monetary wealth. As coppers are bought and sold by chiefs, their value increases, sometimes to the equivalent of thousands of dollars. They are displayed on ceremonial occasions, and exchanged at noble marriages. Sometimes during quarrels, pieces were cut from them and publicly given to the offender. That person was then obliged in turn to break a copper to protect his own name. The most valuable coppers have been cut and patched many times.

Round rattles similiar to nothern shamans' rattles are shaken by the attendents of the Hamatsa dancers to help tame them of their wildness. Raven rattles are chiefs' rattles used from Vancouver Island to Southeast Alaska. Headdress dancers use them in the Tlasula.

This frontlet is worn on the forehead of a dancer participating in the Tlasula. The back of the headdress is usually covered with a strip of swanskin. Around the upper rim is attached a row of sea lion whiskers. To the back of the crown is attached rows of ermine skins. The carving on this frontlet is apparently a family crest figure representing a hawk or thunderbird. (Holm, Crooked Beak of Heaven, 1972)