AS OF 2003 THERE ARE 3 BASKETS WITH THIS CATALOGUE # IN THE COLLECTIONS, ALONG WITH ET20353 & 4 WHICH FORMERLY BORE THIS #. LARGEST OF 3 WAS ILLUS. FIG. 17, P. 51 IN "SALISH BASKETS FROM THE WILKES EXPEDITION" BY CAROLYN J. MARR, AMERICAN INDIAN ART MAGAZINE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, 1984, AND ID THERE AS FLAT WRAPPED TWINED BAG WITH POCKETS ON BOTH SIDES, CLATSOP OR TILLAMOOK, WOVEN ON CONTINUOUS WARP, WITH CONTRASTING DESIGNS ON BACK. MAY HAVE BEEN USED AS A WALLET TO CARRY AND TRANSPORT PERSONAL GOODS. 23.5 CM. H,; 19.4 CM. W..1 LIGHT YELLOWISH TAN BASKET WITH LIGHT BROWN DESIGNS AND DARKER BROWN TRIANGLES AT RIM, WITH ATTACHED LOOPS ALL AROUND. THE BASKET IS BRITTLE AND LOOPS HAVE BROKEN OFF AT ONE SECTION. THE BRAID AROUND THE RIM IS OF A DIFFERENT MATERIAL THAN THE REST. HAS ORIGINAL PEALE TAG; ALSO AN ORIGINAL SHIPPING LABEL READS, "WM ROBERTS EX EX VINCENS- 1 BASKET". THIS OBJECT WAS EXCHANGED WITH THE DANISH NATIONAL MUSEUM IN 1867 AND WAS LOCATED THERE IN 1987. DANISH CATALOGUE NUMBER IS H-1383. THE BASKET HAS NO S.I. CATALOGUE NUMBER, BUT FOR THE PRESENT IS # 2708.

PROBABLY MADE OF FINELY TWISTED TWO-PLY CATTAIL (TYPHA LATIFOLIA) LEAF CORD - *SEE* A TIME OF GATHERING BY ROBIN K. WRIGHT, 1991, P. 34, 40, 48. Illus. p. 247 and described p. 247 and p. 382 in Gilman, Carolyn. 2003. Lewis and Clark across the divide. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. Identified there as Chinook.A similar Chinook skirt, from Lewis and Clark, is in collections of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, # PM 99-12-10/52990. The Peabody Museum website notes that Lewis and Clark "... described at length the unique twined cordage skirts that women in the lower Columbia River area made from cedar bark or cattail leaves, which were valuable commodities in local trade networks." Peabody Museum curator Castle McLaughlin has noted that the Catlin cordage skirts E73291, E73306 and E386547 have red paint applied to them, but this is not typical for these types of skirts. The red paint may have been applied by George Catlin?During the cataloguing of quillwork E386582B in 1948, a tag was found with it that stated "From a Lewis and Clark Chinook Skirt in Catlin Coll". Curator John C. Ewers determined that the tag did not actually belong with E386582B. It is possible that the tag might instead have been associated with Chinook skirts E73291, E73306 or E386547. This tag has not currently been located. Nor can the source of the possible ID of a Chinook skirt in the Catlin collection to Lewis and Clark be determined.

Provenience note: many objects in the Chirouse collection were catalogued as Duwamish, however that really only seems to definitively apply to Catalogue No. 130965. Accession record indicates that the collection is the "handiwork of the Snohomish, Swinomish, Lummi, Muckleshoot and Etakmur Indians on the Tulalip Reservation in Washington Territory".From card: "4 pins. 172 [circular wooden] disks. Seem to be parts of 11 different sets. One gambling disc sent as a gift to The Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebr., Nov. 3, 1927." These artifacts are described and discussed on pp. 253-4 of the Stick Game section of "Games of the North American Indians" by Stewart Culin, in the Bureau of American Ethnology 24th Annual Report. Culin identifies them as possibly Snohomish, but notes that it is not possible to determine the tribe exactly.

Provenience note: many objects in the Chirouse collection were catalogued as Duwamish, however that really only seems to definitively apply to Catalogue No. 130965. Accession record indicates that the collection is the "handiwork of the Snohomish, Swinomish, Lummi, Muckleshoot and Etakmur Indians on the Tulalip Reservation in Washington Territory".

ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS NEZ PERCE BUT REIDENTIFIED AS [COAST] SALISH? BY WILLIAM STURTEVANT 5-5-1966, PER NOTATION ON CATALOGUE CARD. FROM CARD: "WOVEN OF DOG HAIR. BODY OF BLANKET HAS INTERWOVEN WITH IT FINE DOWN. ON EITHER EDGE IS A BAND CONSISTING OF WEDGE SHAPED DESIGNS IN BLACK, WHITE, YELLOW, RED AND GREEN RESEMBLING THE BEADWORK OF THE PLAINS INDIANS. ALSO THEIR BLANKET BORDERS. TWISTED FRINGE TERMINATES EITHER EDGE. ON THE UPPER PORTION ARE LOOPS OF DOGSKIN, SHOWING THAT BLANKET MUST HAVE BEEN USED AS A CAPE THROWN OVER THE SHOULDERS. THIS IS A PRECIOUS AND UNIQUE SPECIMEN, THE LIKE OF WHICH DOES NOT EXIST IN ANY OTHER MUSEUM. THE UPPER AND LOWER EDGES ARE SECURED BY A BRAIDING OF YELLOW AND BLACK CORD FORMING A THICK WELT. SEE ALSO ACCESSION PAPERS #41193. SEE ALSO [H.W.]KRIEGER PP. 640-641, ANN. REPT. S.I. 1928, ALSO PL. 11. ILLUS.: INDIANS OF THE N.W. COAST, PHILIP DRUCKER, P. 85." NOTE THAT AT ONE TIME IT WAS THOUGHT CAT. # E675 HAD BEEN RECATALOGUED AS # E221408 (WHICH WAS NOTED ON THE CATALOGUE CARD FOR E675 AND PUBLISHED BY H.W. KRIEGER, SEE THE REFERENCE CITED ABOVE), HOWEVER THEY ARE ACTUALLY TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS. KRIEGER, IN THE REFERENCE CITED ABOVE, SPECULATED THAT E221408 COULD HAVE BEEN COLLECTED BY GEORGE GIBBS IN THE 1850'S OR BY THE U.S. EXPLORING EXPEDITION OF 1838-1842. THE BASIS FOR THIS SPECULATION IS UNKNOWN. JANE WALSH HAS NOT LINKED THIS OBJECT TO THE U.S. EXPLORING EXPEDITION. - F. PICKERING 9-10-2012Illus. Fig. 49, p. 61 of Salish Weaving by Paula Gustafson, Univ. of Washington Press, 1980. Described on p. 125, cat. entry 85, of Gustafson as: "Fibres: Mountain goat hair and vegetable fibre mixed with unidentified fibres. Colour: Natural white; borders coloured black, white, brown, yellow and green. Weave: Twill; twined borders." Also described on p. 59 of Gustafson: "A twill woven blanket ... on first glance appears to fit the category of Hybrid Salish blankets, but the weft yarn is not the typical two-ply spun from mountain goat hair; it seems to be composed of some sort of fluff such as thistledown spun together with a stronger fibre. T.T. Waterman described this blanket as having "white down incorporated during the weaving" or spinning process, and the fluff may well be soft bird down."Sampling/analysis was done on hair from this blanket in 2004, with the results concluding that this blanket includes both mountain goat hair and Salish wool or woolly dog hair (see Anthropology Conservation Lab sampling file "Loychuk 2004.").Reference: Solazzo, C., S. Heald, M.W. Ballard, D.A. Ashford, P.T. DePriest, R.J. Koestler, and M. Collins. 2011. Proteomics and Coast Salish blankets: A tale of shaggy dogs? Antiquity 85: 1418-1432. http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/085/ant0851418.htm . Identified there as a Hybrid (1850 and beyond) blanket - woven of down with animal fibers; weft/fringe Mountain goat hair; warp Mountain goat hair and Salish wool or woolly dog hair.Per Dr. Carla J. Dove, Smithsonian Feather Identification Lab, 2017: The physical avian identification below is based on examination of microscopic structures in the downy feathers and comparison of any whole feathers with museum study skins. Bird distributions and population status were considered in making the final species determination. Downy feathers were examined microscopically and found to be most similar to swan. Given the possible geographic origin of the object (Salish), and distribution and population status of avian species in the region, the most likely species is Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator).X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing was conducted on this textile in 2017. Arsenic was detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained arsenic. The testing indicates there are high levels of arsenic (1,000-10,000 ppm). See Anthropology Conservation Lab records for the full report. This object should be handled with gloves. See the Department of Anthropology "Statement on Potential Hazards (Inherent and Acquired) Associated with Collection Objects" for more detailed handling guidelines.Illus. Fig. 32, p. 90, in Tepper, Leslie Heymann, Janice George, and Willard Joseph. 2017. Salish Blankets: robes of protection and transformation, symbols of wealth.

From card: "Round foundation, flat coil bottom bulging side body; leather thongs about top. "Fillers on side of basket" illus. in BAE 41st AR, fig. 63, p. 276. Illus. in BAE 41st AR, Pl. 32a, p. 484. In BAE 41st AR Pl. 32a, Haeberlin et al. attribute this basket to the Thompson Indians. - J. R. (4/85)."Note re provenience: Emmons in accession file identifies the basket as collected (probably purchased) in Victoria, B.C. and identifies it as Klikitat. Anthropology catalogue ledger book and catalogue card identify as Cowlitz or Skokomish, but in 1985 someone with initials "J.R." notes on the card that the basket was published as Thompson Indian in the BAE 41st Annual Report.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN NM REPORT 1884, PL. VI, FIGS. 9, 10, P. 306; USNM AR 1888, FIG. 185-6, AND PL. 36, FIG. 180, P. 314; REPORT, 1902, FIG. 155; P. 426. TAG ON ARTIFACT SAYS SALISH, FRASER RIVER."See USNM AR for 1902, p. 426, where basket is identified as "procured from Sitka [sic], Alaska Indians by J.J. McLean, to which place it had doubtless drifted in trade from the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada) Region." While the basket was actually catalogued as from "Hoonia" (i.e. Hoonah), not Sitka, the identification of the basket as Fraser River Salish type seems correct and it has been stored with that collection.

From card: "Twined weave with wrapped overlay." Identified as Skokomish type by Barbara Brotherton, Seattle Art Museum, 11-6-2007.