PROBABLY MADE OF FINELY TWISTED TWO-PLY CATTAIL (TYPHA LATIFOLIA) LEAF CORD - *SEE* A TIME OF GATHERING BY ROBIN K. WRIGHT, 1991, P. 34, 40, 48. Illus. p. 247 and described p. 247 and p. 382 in Gilman, Carolyn. 2003. Lewis and Clark across the divide. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. Identified there as Chinook.A similar Chinook skirt, from Lewis and Clark, is in collections of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, # PM 99-12-10/52990. The Peabody Museum website notes that Lewis and Clark "... described at length the unique twined cordage skirts that women in the lower Columbia River area made from cedar bark or cattail leaves, which were valuable commodities in local trade networks." Peabody Museum curator Castle McLaughlin has noted that the Catlin cordage skirts E73291, E73306 and E386547 have red paint applied to them, but this is not typical for these types of skirts. The red paint may have been applied by George Catlin?During the cataloguing of quillwork E386582B in 1948, a tag was found with it that stated "From a Lewis and Clark Chinook Skirt in Catlin Coll". Curator John C. Ewers determined that the tag did not actually belong with E386582B. It is possible that the tag might instead have been associated with Chinook skirts E73291, E73306 or E386547. This tag has not currently been located. Nor can the source of the possible ID of a Chinook skirt in the Catlin collection to Lewis and Clark be determined.

Written on artifact itself: "Ice or seal hook used in boat, Taku Harbor, S.E. Alaska." Written by Dr. William Fitzhugh on barcode tag with artifact: "Must be Norton Sound/SW Alaskan Eskimo origin."

From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.

PROVENIENCE NOTE: THE CARD CATALOG SHOWS THE LOCALITY AS "WASHINGTON-FRASER." THIS PRESUMABLY MEANS THE FRASER RIVER OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, WHICH FLOWS NEAR THE BORDER OF NORTHWEST WASHINGTON.

FROM CARD: "WOOD & IVORY INLAID WITH PEARL SHELL. 1/30/67: THE PIPE STEM WAS NOT LOCATED."As of 2008, no obvious scrimshaw was on this pipe.Possibly Haida. Pipe carved from one piece of wood which is inlaid on sides with rectangles of abalone shell. Iron pins support the the frets. Bone fret is on top of the stem and bone pieces are inlaid into the sides of the bowl which is copper alloy (possibly a piece from a musket barrel?) lined with iron. A lead fill is in the stem. An iron hexagonal nut caps the stem. There is an ethnographic deposit inside the bowl, possibly charred material from being smoked. Has original Peale # label.Old inked writing that is hard to deciper is on the pipe: "U.S. Ex. Ex. 2597 [?aget? - this may possibly be Puget, based on what is on other artifacts] Sd, by [R. P.R. ??]". If this is "R. P. R." then that may stand for R. P. Robinson, the Purser's steward on the U.S.S. Vincennes, and may indicate he was the collector?

FROM CARD: "DEPOSITED."THOUGH ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS WOODEN, OBJECT APPEARS TO BE HORN.Columbia River/Wasco/Wishram style horn spoon.For more information, see pdf of additional documentation on the Gibbs collections provided by Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa which is filed with the Emu accession/transaction record.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN THE FAR NORTH CATALOG, NAT. GALL. OF AR., 1973, P. 164. LOAN: R. H. LOWIE MUSEUM, DEC. 31, 1964. LOAN RETURNED FEB 15 1966." FROM CARD: "CARVED IN RELIEF WITH HUMAN FIGURE, SMALL ANIMALS AND ABSTRACT DESIGNS. ILLUS. IN THE FAR NORTH CATALOG, NAT. GALL. OF ART., 1973, P. 164. LOANED, WHITNEY MUS. OF AMERICAN ART, SEPT. 10, 1971. RETURNED: 2-9-72. LOANED: NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART OCT. 20, 1972. RETURNED: 5-29-73. LOANED: RENWICK GAL. 11-7-73. LOAN RETURNED 8-24-76." FROM CARD: "FROM PAGE 61, BOXES AND BOWLS CATALOG; RENWICK GALLERY; SMITHSONIAN PRESS; 1974. OBJECTS ILLUS. ON SAME PAGE. 44. CARVED BOWL HORN; CARVED IN RELIEF LENGTH: 8 3/4 (TSIMSHIAN?), FORT SIMPSON, BRITISH COLUMBIA. COLLECTED BY JAMES G. SWAN. CATALOGED JANUARY 17, 1876. 20,613."This object is on loan to the Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, from 2010 through 2027.Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=522, retrieved 4-24-2012: Bowl, Tsimshian. A frog and naked man appear at one end of this high-end feast bowl, which was molded and carved from the horn of a mountain sheep. The face of a crest animal was rendered on the other end, along with a second frog. Wing designs extend along the sides of the vessel. Hunting wild sheep and goats in the high coastal mountains was a dangerous pursuit; hunters ascended steep slopes and glaciers in spiked snowshoes, using dogs to drive the animals into bow and arrow range. "This is a very well done bowl, but it is from Port Simpson, where Tsimshian, Haida, and Tlingit people were all living. We may never know exactly which tribe the carver came from. The Haida had to trade with our people to get weaving materials and the horns for making bowls and spoons." - David Boxley (Tsimshian), 2009