PROBABLY MADE OF FINELY TWISTED TWO-PLY CATTAIL (TYPHA LATIFOLIA) LEAF CORD - *SEE* A TIME OF GATHERING BY ROBIN K. WRIGHT, 1991, P. 34, 40, 48.A similar Chinook skirt, from Lewis and Clark, is in collections of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, # PM 99-12-10/52990. The Peabody Museum website notes that Lewis and Clark "... described at length the unique twined cordage skirts that women in the lower Columbia River area made from cedar bark or cattail leaves, which were valuable commodities in local trade networks." Peabody Museum curator Castle McLaughlin has noted that the Catlin cordage skirts E73291, E73306 and E386547 have red paint applied to them, but this is not typical for these types of skirts. The red paint may have been applied by George Catlin?During the cataloguing of quillwork E386582B in 1948, a tag was found with it that stated "From a Lewis and Clark Chinook Skirt in Catlin Coll". Curator John C. Ewers determined that the tag did not actually belong with E386582B. It is possible that the tag might instead have been associated with Chinook skirts E73291, E73306 or E386547. This tag has not currently been located. Nor can the source of the possible ID of a Chinook skirt in the Catlin collection to Lewis and Clark be determined.

FROM CARD: "HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 4E, PG. 539." BOWL ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS WOODEN BUT HANDBOOK IDENTIFIES AS MOUNTAIN SHEEP HORN. BOWL APPEARS TO BE OF WASCO/WISHRAM MANUFACTURE. - STEVEN L. GRAFE 1997Pamela Cardenas, Shayleen Macy and Valerie Switzler of the Wasco delegation from the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs made these comments during the Recovering Voices Community Research Visit Aug 31-Sept 4, 2015. For the Wasco, the cup or bowl is the center of the culture, it is what our stories are based off. Our creation stories are based off coming out of a spring that was shaped like a bowl. These objects are unique to our tribe because it represents us. We don't differentiate between a cup, ladle/spoon, or bowl. Shayleen noted that it is interesting how the Wasco don't make the designs anymore, the simple zigzags, triangles and chevrons. This horn bowl work hasn't been carried into the contemporary. You used to see these all around, everyone had them, but not anymore. Mountain sheep is 'kakwiq' or 'kakwik' in Kiksht. There are still mountain sheep around, they live in the mountains along the Columbia River, but that's not where our reservation is. You can see the sheep from the mountains, we can hunt them because it is ceded land. Our ceded land runs from Mount Hood to Multnomah Falls. Kiksht is the language of the Wasco tribe.For more information, see pdf of additional documentation on the Gibbs collections provided by Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa which is filed with the Emu accession/transaction record.

FROM CARD: "A & B ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 4 (A ON LEFT, B ON RIGHT), PG. 316. LOANED RENWICK GAL. 11-7-73. LOAN RETURNED 8-24-76." Identified in Handbook caption as a dipper, "... a smaller bent-corner box with a long handle carved from the piece that forms the bottom." Painted designs in red and black, and borders and handle red. "The bottom of the ladle carries the eye-within-the-hand motif." Forms a set with water bucket E20568A.FROM CARD: 20568A (BOX), 20568B (DIPPER). FROM PAGE 77, BOXES AND BOWLS CATALOG; RENWICK GALLERY, SMITHSONIAN PRESS; 1974. OBJECTS ILLUS. ON SAME PAGE. 68. BOX AND DIPPER WOOD; PAINTED BLACK AND RED. HEIGHT (BOX): 10 1/4. LENGTH (DIPPER): 11. BELLA BELLA, BRITISH COLUMBIA. "WATER BUCKET AND LADLE." COLLECTED BY JAMES G. SWAN. CATALOGED JANUARY 15, 1876. 20,568-A (BOX); 20,568-B (DIPPER)."Catalog card gives 5260 as accession number, but 4686 (also from Swan, in 1876) is more likely, as that accession contains objects from British Columbia.

From card: "Soft weave basket called "Sally bag"; decorated in bands."

Northwest Coast wooden house model with peaked roof; house frontal totem pole with circular entrance doorway in front. Interior empty / undecorated. Four carved killer whales formerly decorated the front roof line, though one has subsequently become detached. Painted designs in black and red on front and both sides, including killer whale motifs. Has been attributed as possibly Haida? No catalog number visible on artifact, which has also been checked with the blacklight. Object was loaned to Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico City, Mexico, in 1964; loan returned in 2012.Per Robin Wright, Burke Museum, 4-12-2012, this house model is probably Haida, though she is not sure who the artist might be. House frontal entrance pole is a Salmon with a human figure.A photo of what appears to be this house model on display at the Smithsonian circa 1879 (photo may actually date more specifically to 1882 - early 1885) is in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution Archives: Photo ID 2962 or MNH-2962, Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 95, Box 41, Folder: 4, https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_8263 . House model is one of the small ones, second from left, on shelf in front of house front in back of photo. If this house model does date to this time period, James G. Swan would most likely be the collector. It also appears on the left in an old photo of exhibits at the U.S. National Museum (in what is now the National Museum of Natural History building), Negative # 38121B. It is behind glass and there are reflections, but the exhibit label appears to identify it as Haida and lists James G. Swan as the collector.In James G. Swan correspondence in accession record No. 5260, Swan talks about sending two Haida house models. However, only one was catalogued, # E23547. It is possible house model ET14554/ET24468 or house model ET24565 may be from this accession?

Cylindrical twined basket with concave base. Two horizontal bands of colored (black? brown?) "Z" and "S" designs. Woven, un-pigmented diamond patterns around rim and base. Rim heavily damaged and deformed.Typed note inside vessel says: "33. Basketry Vessel. Tribe: Tlingit - Southern Alaska. Design: forward and backward "Z" pattern and upward and downward arrows in two bands around body, and a latent natural on natural ground diamond pattern; basic construction material is spruce root, with false embroidery for decoration in maidenhair fern stems and dyed grasses; all natural materials (vegetal dyes). Size: 6 1/2"h. 8" dia. Circa: 1890. Condition: poor, but capable of being repaired."

Woven basket with some external vertical elements colored red, purple (?) blue/black (?) and green. Several areas of loss, particularly around the rim and rim is deformed.Typed note inside basket says: "24. Storage Basketry Container. Tribe: Nootka-Makah Vancouver Island, B.C. and Northwest Washington State. Design: red-green-blue-black-purple stripes woven on a natural ground; of plain plaited cedar bark. Size: 6 1/2 h." 13"x10" sq. Circa: 1915. Condition: v. poor."

Oval woven basket with lid. Basket body decorated with faded green (?) designs on natural ground, one on each side: two equilateral crosses with four arms bent at right angles (right-facing swastikas) are found opposite one another and two "Z" patterns opposite one another. On the lid, there are what appear to be two birds (?) (possibly hell-diver bird motif?) opposite one another in the same faded green (?).Note: The swastika is usually considered a non-traditional Northwest Coast basket design symbol. It was popular in the early 20th century in Europe and North America as a good luck symbol but disappeared from use after it became negatively viewed because of its association with the Nazi party.

From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.