Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/22 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Needle case, strap and belt hook. The needle case is a hollow ivory tube with eight split beads embedded in shallow drilled holes and cemented in place. The beads are a small, opaque blue variety. One end of a hide strap passes through the needle case and is attached with a wrapping of sinew to a cap that seals that end of the needle case when the strap is drawn tight. The cap has a split blue bead embedded in it. Attached to the strap is a small length of sinew with three small white beads attached. The other end of the strap is doubled back on itself and knotted to form a loop, and attached to an ivory implement of a type that has variously been identified as a belt hook or holder for skin thimbles. This object is a flattened piece of ivory with a hole at one end where it attaches to the strap. A curved slit runs from one side almost to the other end, and terminates at a drilled hole, probably to prevent it from splitting. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/42: Sewing needles were kept in a tube-like case with a skin strap running through the centre. The needles were stuck into the strap, and then pulled into the case. Hooks for fastening the case to a belt, or holders for thimbles made from skin, were often attached to one end of the leather straps.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1890; PL. 56, FIG. 3; P. 416 (ULU) BLADE OF SHEET IRON, INSERTED WITHOUT RIVETS INTO A SLIT IN THE HANDLE OF WALRUS IVORY. THE LATTER IS EXCAVED ON BOTH SIDES TO FIT THE HAND AND ORNAMENTED WITH WHALEBONE PLACED THROUGH PERFORATIONS IN THE UPPER BORDER WITH SLIGHT VARIATIONS. ILLUS. HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 353, FIG. 7A."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/21 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Ulu with an iron blade and ivory handle. The handle has a transverse slot along the bottom edge into which the blade has been inserted, and an elongated perforation has been cut through the handle to provide a hand grip. Seven holes have been drilled through the top of the handle, through which strands of baleen have been laced, probably to enhance the grip when working with slippery materials. The curved cutting edge has been sharpened by filing along both sides. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/58: An ulu is a knife with a crescent-shaped blade attached to a handle made of wood, bone or antler. The design of an ulu ensures that the cutting force is centred more over the middle of the blade than with an ordinary knife. Ulus are used for skinning animals, scraping skins, cutting hides when sewing as well as for other household tasks. They are sometimes called 'women's knives' since they usually are associated with women's tasks.

FROM CARD: "TRIBE YUKON RIVER INDS. HAN KOOTCHIN".Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact (under # ET1857C) http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=6, retrieved 8-13-2012: Mittens (see related objects tunic E1857-0 and moccasin trousers E1857-1) Extracts from discussion with Elders Phillip Arrow, Trimble Gilbert, Eliza Jones and Judy Woods at the National Museum of Natural History and National Museum of the American Indian, 5/17/2004-5/21/2004. Also participating: Aron Crowell (NMNH), Kate Duncan (Arizona State University) and Suzi Jones (AMHA) (see web page cited above for the full entries): Eliza Jones: These are short moosehide mittens. And it looks like it's the kind for dress-up because of the beads all around the edge, its fringe. Judy Woods: And it doesn't have lining. Eliza Jones: It has a caribou-skin string that goes around the neck, about forty-eight inches. Around home when we make mittens, we make it with yarn, and then we put a yarn across here too. You see it on a lot of the old pictures where there's a string across. Judy Woods: So you won't lose your mitts.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/20 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Crooked knife with an iron blade attached to an antler handle with two iron rivets. The handle is curved in a slight arc, and at the end with the blade it is cut aslant and has an indentation on the face opposite the blade to provide a grip for the thumb when held in the right hand. The handle is decorated on the same face with two parallel incised lines that follow the bottom edge of the handle. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/18: Crooked knives were used for shaping wood, bone and antler. The Inuvialuit style of crooked knife has a small blade attached near the end of a curved handle. The knife is held with the fingers of one hand on the underside of the handle, and the thumb positioned on top of the blade in an indentation in the handle. The craftsman rests the underside of the blade against the object being worked, and draws the knife towards the body while using the thumb on the hand holding the tool to check the depth of the cut.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/19 , retrieved 12-10-2019: This object is identified in the Smithsonian Institution catalogue as an 'ice scoop'; however, that identification is uncertain. It is a cup-shaped implement made from muskox horn that has been sewn into a covering made of dehaired and softened hide, likely from a newborn caribou.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/18 , retrieved 1-24-2020: Saw with an iron blade hafted to a handle made of antler. The blade has teeth that are only slightly raised along the cutting edge. It has been inserted into a slot cut into one edge of the handle and held in place with two rivets. The handle also has three notches cut into each edge, and it may originally have been intended that the blade would have been secured in place by wrapping lashings around the handle and through holes (which are not present) in the blade. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/49: Saws for cutting wood, bone, antler and ivory had thin metal blades attached to bone handles. Shallow notches in the saw blades were made by striking the edge with the thicker blade of a knife.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/17 , retrieved 12-31-2019: Pipe made almost entirely of lead. It consists of two pieces connected mid-way along the stem by coupler made of wood. The top of the bowl has a shallow concavity, and a strip of copper has been inlaid around the rim. On the underside of the bowl are a series of incisions with dark staining. A pick made of bone or antler is fastened to the pipe by a strand of braided sinew. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.

FROM CARD: "USED IN DRESSING THE HAIR A LA CHIGNON. HEAD-DRESS: BUNCHES OR "SWITCHES" OF ANIMAL FIBER USED IN DRESSING THE HAIR. WORN BY ESKIMO WOMEN, FORT ANDERSON, MACKENZIE RIVER."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/16 , retrieved 2-11-2020: Sinew for dressing hair. This is a bundle of sinew that has a tag identifying it as being used 'in dressing the hair a la chignon' (in a topknot).

FROM CARD: "A WOODEN DRUM STICK."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/15 , retrieved 12-17-2019: This drum stick is of the type that was and still is most common in the Central and Eastern Arctic. It is fashioned from single piece of wood, rounded at the end used for striking the drum and squared where it was grasped in the hand. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/66: Drums made from skins of newborn caribou stretched over wood hoops and struck with a drumstick are used to accompany singing and dancing. Drumsticks used in the Western Arctic normally are long wands made from wood and are used by striking the hoop and skin simultaneously. Drumsticks used in the Central and Eastern Arctic are usually shorter and heavier, and are used by striking the hoop only.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/14 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Crooked knife with an iron blade attached to an antler handle with two iron rivets. One face of the handle where it is joined to the blade is curved and has an indentation to provide a grip for the thumb when held in the right hand. The handle is decorated on the same face with an incised line along the top edge. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/18: Crooked knives were used for shaping wood, bone and antler. The Inuvialuit style of crooked knife has a small blade attached near the end of a curved handle. The knife is held with the fingers of one hand on the underside of the handle, and the thumb positioned on top of the blade in an indentation in the handle. The craftsman rests the underside of the blade against the object being worked, and draws the knife towards the body while using the thumb on the hand holding the tool to check the depth of the cut.