« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« For skinning beaver and other animals, a bone skinning tool was used. Of the four specimens in the Speck collection, one, collected in the Kiskisink settlement, is made from a transversally cut bear's leg bone beveled at the working edge (fig. 4i). The other three are moose leg bones, two of which are cut transversally and have beveled, serrated working edges (fig. 4h); the third also has a beveled edge but is not cut (fig. 4g). Although these particular specimens are undecorated, Speck (1930, p. 449; 1935, pp. 216-217) notes that similar implements had ceremonial associations and were thus sometimes carved or perforated according to motifs received in dreams. Game and fur-bearing animals were believed to derive satisfaction from having their pelts removed with leg bone skinning tools (Speck, 1935, pp. 216-217). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.8, fig 4h, i et g (p.32)

« Awls are described as wood-working tools because, according to Rogers (1967, p. 47), they were used by the Mistassini to make holes in snowshoe frames for the selvage thongs. However, they were certainly also used for making holes in hides. Of the three awls in the Speck collection, two have circular wooden handles into one end of which metal points are inserted. The point of the largest specimen appears to have been made from a small file (fig. 4f), while that of the smaller is made from a sharpened nail (fig. 4c). The third awl, with a point made from a small file or file fragment, has a bone handle (fig. 4b). Two of these specimens are from Kiskisink. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4c et f (p.32).

« Awls are described as wood-working tools because, according to Rogers (1967, p. 47), they were used by the Mistassini to make holes in snowshoe frames for the selvage thongs. However, they were certainly also used for making holes in hides. Of the three awls in the Speck collection, two have circular wooden handles into one end of which metal points are inserted. The point of the largest specimen appears to have been made from a small file (fig. 4f), while that of the smaller is made from a sharpened nail (fig. 4c). The third awl, with a point made from a small file or file fragment, has a bone handle (fig. 4b). Two of these specimens are from Kiskisink. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4c et f (p.32).

« Awls are described as wood-working tools because, according to Rogers (1967, p. 47), they were used by the Mistassini to make holes in snowshoe frames for the selvage thongs. However, they were certainly also used for making holes in hides. Of the three awls in the Speck collection, two have circular wooden handles into one end of which metal points are inserted. The point of the largest specimen appears to have been made from a small file (fig. 4f), while that of the smaller is made from a sharpened nail (fig. 4c). The third awl, with a point made from a small file or file fragment, has a bone handle (fig. 4b). Two of these specimens are from Kiskisink. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4c et f (p.32).

« Wood-working tools in the Speck collection are represented by three crooked all with wooden handles and metal blades made from large kitchen knives. The hallmarks of English makers of cutlery occur on two blades. The faces of the blades within the bend and along the length of the same side are knives, sharpened. The handles form approximately half the total length and are made of birch wood. Two handles have a pronounced curve at the proximal end. One of these, hafted for a right-handed individual, has a shallow slot cut along one side of the handle to hold the proximal end of the blade, which is lashed in place with cord (fig. 4e). Another knife, for a left-handed individual, has a slit in the distal end of the handle into which the blade is inserted and lashed with cord (fig. 4d). The third knife has a handle which comes to an asymmetrical point at the proximal end and has a long slit for the blade, which is held in place with metal rivets (fig. 4a). The manufacture and use of the crooked knife among the Lake St. John and Mistassini Indians is described by Lips (1947, pp. 50-51) and Rodgers (1967, pp. 45-46, fig. 16, plate VIE-A). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4a ou d (p.32). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.7, fig 4e (p.32). « The manufacture and use of the crooked knife among the Lake St. John and Mistassini Indians is described by Lips (1947, pp. 50-51) and Rodgers (1967, pp. 45-46, fig. 16, plate VIE-A). » Ibis.

« Two styles of netted snowshoes are represented in the Speck collection by a single pair each. Both pairs have birchwood frames and babiche netting. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.18, fig 31a et b (p.59). « The second pair of snowshoes, from the Natasquan band, is an example of the "round end" style (Davidson, 1937, pp. 67-68, fig. 27b). The frame consists of two pieces spliced on each side between the two slightly curved cross bars. There are no harnesses (fig. 31b). The manufacture of snowshoes among the Lake St. John and Mistassini Indians has been described in considerable detail by Lips (1947, pp. 69-77) and Rogers (1967, pp. 91-101). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.18, fig 31b (p.59).

« In addition to those just described, there are four pairs of leggings in the Speck collection […]. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.14. « The second pair of women's leggings is made of a single piece of red wool felt edged with green cotton tape. The seam is sewn so as to leave a narrow flap at the distal end just above the point where the leggings narrow at the ankle. A strip of purple silk is sewn to the edge at this point as a tie (fig. 25c). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.14, fig 25c (p.43).