FROM OLD 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL WITH CARD: "MOCCASINS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST INDIANS. MADE OF REINDEER SKIN; SEAM DOWN THE FRONT; SOLES OF SAME MATERIAL; ANKLE PIECES OF SKIN OR CLOTH; TONGUE PIECE OF CLOTH, WITH OR WITHOUT EMBROIDERY. THE PLAN OF THESE SHOES RESEMBLES THOSE OF TRIBES EAST OF THE ROCKIES, BUT THE TOE IS FINISHED OFF WITH A CROSS-SEAM. SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA. 20,816; 20,796; 165,148. COLLECTED BY ... J. G. SWAN"Ruth Demmert, Virginia Oliver, Florence Sheakley, Alan Zuboff, and Linda Wynne made the following comments during the Tlingit Recovering Voices Community Research Visit, March 13-March 24, 2017. These moccasins were made by the same person who made E020817-0. This object is probably made out of thin moosehide, not reindeer. The Tlingit would have only used reindeer if it was acquired through trade, since they would use any material they had. Moosehide has varying thicknesses, and can be spliced or sliced to make thinner layers. These moccasins also feature either cloth, flannel, or thick canvas.The decorations on this design are made with hand sewn thread, not beads.

From card: "Of wood, carved to represent a sea offer [sic, should be sea otter, not offer]. Carried to kill fish before taking into canoe." Illus. Fig. 412, p. 295 in Fitzhugh, William W., and Aron Crowell. 1988. Crossroads of continents: cultures of Siberia and Alaska. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Identified there: Killer Whale Fish Club, Tlingit. "Clubs of hardwood, sometimes elaborately carved as animals or spirit allies, were used to kill halibut and salmon. Seals and sea otter were killed the same way. Very often these carvings took the form of predators like sea lions or killer whales - animals that feed on salmon and seals."This object is on loan to the Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, from 2010 through 2027.Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=664, retrieved 3-31-2012: Fish Club. Halibut fishermen used wooden clubs to kill or stun their catch; otherwise a heavy, struggling fish might turn over the canoe. The clubs were often beautifully carved, like this one which bears the image of a sea otter. "They didn't want to spoil the head because they were going to cook it, so they were very careful where they hit it [a halibut]. / Yeah, right here in the nostrils. That stunned it and then you turned it over so the belly side was up and then it didn't fight as much. If you leave it belly side down then it bangs the boat a lot." - Delores Churchill (Haida) / Donald Gregory (Tlingit), 2005.

Ruth Demmert, Virginia Oliver, Florence Sheakley, Alan Zuboff, and Linda Wynne made the following comments during the Tlingit Recovering Voices Community Research Visit, March 13-March 24, 2017. These moccasins were made by the same person who made E020816-0.

From card: "Cedar wood post. One end carved in shape of a human standing on a fish. Used at back of a salmon trap."

FROM OLD 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL WITH CARD: "STRIKE-A-LIGHT.---RECEPTACLE, MADE OF SEAL SKIN, CONTAINING FLINT AND PYRITES, AND A MASS OF SHREDDED CEDAR BARK FOR TINDER, OR KINDLING. THE RECEPTACLE IS ROLLED AROUND THE BARK AND FASTENED WITH A THONG. STIKINE INDIANS (ATHAPASCAN STOCK), FORT WRANGELL, ALASKA. 20,861. COLLECTED BY JAMES G. SWAN." The same information is also on an old typed label stored with the artifact.

From card: "Piece of red fringe used for face paint."This material is described on the catalogue card as "fringe." It may be speculated that this material is actually a kind of fungus.Listed on page 47 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)".