FROM CARD: "ILLUS: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 353, FIG. 7B. TOOL MADE OF 2 PIECES OF BONE BOUND TOGETHER WITH SINEW, WITH A SHORT METAL BLADE SET IN THE TIP. IT WAS PROBABLY USED FOR ENGRAVING IVORY."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/193 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Graver with an iron blade set into a handle made from antler. The blade has been sharpened along one edge and at the tip. The handle consists of a piece of antler that has been split along the long axis. The resulting two pieces have matching grooves at one end, and were rejoined after the blade was inserted. Part of the handle has been cut away, leaving a slight step at each end. A cord of braided sinew is wrapped around the handle below the step at each end. A red ochre stain is visible on one face of this tool. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/27: Gravers with iron tips held in bone and antler shafts were used for engraving designs on ivory, bone, antler and wood.

FROM CARD: "DEER SKIN. THIS OBJECT WAS T-1026. THE OBJECT, A HOOD, SAYS 1686 BUT THAT IS A CHILD'S SHIRT WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FOUND."This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/192 , retrieved 2-2-2020. General information on hoods or caps is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/15: Caps were used by themselves or under parka hoods to provide extra protection against the cold.

FROM CARD: "5813-5. 5813-ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1890; PL. 57-1; P. 416."Ulu.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/191 , retrieved 1-23-2020: Ulu with an iron blade and ivory handle. The handle has a slot cut into the bottom edge into which the blade has been inserted. A series of intersecting holes have been drilled into the handle, and baleen has been laced through these holes to provide a grip. The blade has a curved edge that has been sharpened by filing along both sides. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/58: An ulu is a knife with a crescent-shaped blade attached to a handle made of wood, bone or antler. The design of an ulu ensures that the cutting force is centred more over the middle of the blade than with an ordinary knife. Ulus are used for skinning animals, scraping skins, cutting hides when sewing as well as for other household tasks. They are sometimes called 'women's knives' since they usually are associated with women's tasks.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/190 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Graver with an iron blade set into a handle made from antler. The handle consists of two pieces of antler with matching grooves at one end that hold the blade. Parts of the handle pieces have been cut away at each end, leaving a slight step. The two parts of the handle are secured at each end by a wrapping of braided sinew. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/27: Gravers with iron tips held in bone and antler shafts were used for engraving designs on ivory, bone antler and wood.

FROM CARD: "MADE OF BABICHE. *DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CAT. #606."Listed on page 34 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Western Eskimo".

FROM CARD: "INVENTORIED 1977." Note that this bag is not listed in the ledger book entry for 7725 (which lists only a pair of boots, now numbered 7725A), but there is a catalog card for the fire bag 7725B. Presumably, the bag was found later, and a card was made for it, but this was not noted in the ledger. There is also the possibility that the bag was misnumbered / misidentified. It is clearly marked "7725-B" but the ink does not look "old". One possibility is that this bag might actually be # E7728, which has not been located.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/188 , retrieved 2-10-2020: Pouch made by sewing together of strips and pieces of hide. A casement around the top [edged with cotton cloth] is stained with red ochre. Passing through the casement is a drawstring made of braided sinew.Some of the hide pieces on the bag show remnants of fur; presumably there was once more fur on at least part of this bag, but past insect activity may have damaged it?

IDENTIFIED AS KUTCHIN TYPE BY JUDY THOMPSON, WESTERN SUBARCTIC CURATOR AT THE CANADIAN MUSEUM OF CIVILIZATION, 1999. FROM CARD: "COVERS ENTIRE HEAD EXCEPT FACE; SOFT TEXTURE; QUILLED BAND DESIGNS. BUCKSKIN FRINGED WITH QUILLED WRAPPINGS. SEED ORNAMENTS ATTACHED TO FRINGE; WHITE COLOR. ILLUS. IN THE FAR NORTH CATALOG, NAT. GALL. OF ART, 1973, P. 149 [attributed as Kutchin in publication]. PART OF COSTUME CAT. NOS. 328766-9." MATERIALS: WHITE CARIBOU HIDE, PORCUPINE QUILLS, SILVER WILLOW SEEDS, SINEW.Clothing set E328766, E328767, and E328768 is illus. Fig. 8, p. 53 in Thompson, Judy, 1999, "Marketing Tradition: Late Nineteenth-Century Gwich'in Clothing Ensembles," American Indian Art Magazine, 24(4). Identified there: "Clothing ensemble comprised of a tunic, moccasin-trousers and hood, Gwich'in type. White caribou hide, porcupine quills, sinew and silver willow seeds. Collected by Bernard Ross, 1860. The breast band and front above the breast band are decorated with bands of loom-woven quillwork; the wrists of the tunic and the moccasin-trousers and hood are decorated with folded quills ...."

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5 ARCTIC, PG. 352, FIG. 6A."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/187 , retrieved 12-17-2019: This is a set of eight fish lures with shanks made from antler and bone and with iron hooks. The shank of each lure is narrow at one end, where a pair of holes has been drilled for attaching to a fishing line, and broader at the opposite end where a hook has been inserted into a drilled hole. Most of these lures have been decorated with lines engraved into the shank. Several have pieces of copper and glass beads and pieces of ivory beads set into the shank, in some cases near the hook ends, in imitation of small fish. One lure has a serrated edge, a feature that helped in attaching a piece of fish skin bait or a weight. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/21: Fishing tackle was used for catching fish in rivers and streams during the open water season, and for jigging through holes chiseled through ice in winter and spring. Fishing tackle in the MacFarlane Collection includes fishing rods (iqaluksiun) with lines (ipiutaq) made from baleen, and bone and antler lures (niksik) with iron hooks. Less commonly, fishhooks were made from wood.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/186 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Bow drill set consisting of a bow, mouthpiece, and two spindles. The slightly curved bow has been made from ivory, and has a series of notches along the concave edge to provide a grip. It has been decorated with two shallow notches cut into each of the resulting projections, and by an engraved line cut into each side. A hide thong is attached to the bow by means of holes that have been drilled at either end. The flanged mouthpiece is made from wood, and has an inset iron bearing with a depression for holding against the end of the spindle shafts. The curved surface of the mouthpiece adjacent to the bearing has been decorated with 'X' shaped incisions, and it has been stained with red ochre. Both spindle shafts have bits made from reworked iron files inserted at one end and held in place with sinew lashings. Each of the spindles has been decorated with incised lines. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/20: The bow drills in the MacFarlane Collection were used for boring holes into wood, antler, bone and ivory. The drill spindle (shaft) has a bit at one end, and the other end is shaped to fit into a bearing that is held between the teeth. The spindle is rotated by wrapping a slack thong attached at each end of a drill bow around it, and moving the bow back and forth. Ancestral Inuvialuit also used another type of bow drill for starting fires.

FROM CARD: "7470-1. 7471-L. 33", GREATEST BREADTH 9".Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/185 , retrieved 1-31-2020: These long, teardrop-shaped snowshoes are rounded and upturned at the front ('toe') and pointed at the tail. The frame of each is made from wood, probably willow, joined at the at the tail by a thong and at the toe by a splice that is wrapped with a thong. The sides of the frame are braced apart with three wood cross-bars mortised into the frame. The space for the foot between the foremost bar and the next one back is netted using hide thongs. Fore and aft of those bars is finer and more closely spaced meshing made with thinner thongs, or 'babiche'. Additional thongs attached at the centreline hold sets of three red and blue beads. At several points those thongs and adjacent sections of the netting have been stained with red ochre. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/65: MacFarlane collected two pairs of snowshoes. They are strikingly similar to snowshoes used by Gwich'in, and may have been copied or traded by the Inuvialuit.