LEDGER AND CATALOG CARD SAY SENT TO TROCADERO, FRANCE. 1885, HOWEVER A FLOAT WITH THIS NUMBER IS IN THE COLLECTION.Described p. 102 in Brown, James Temple. 1883. The whale fishery and its appliances. Washington: Govt. print. off.: "Seal-skin Buoy. Skin of hair-seal, small stationary wooden toggle at either end for holding eye-splice of harpoon-line. Small laniards made of fibers of spruce roots, for making fast to other buoys. Indian name, "Do-ko-kuptl." Length, 38 inches. Makah Indians, Cape Flattery, 1883. James G. Swan. Inflated and attached to the harpoon, showing the manner in which the apparatus is used during the capture. A number of buoys being made fast to the whale prevents its progressive motions, thus affording the natives an opportunity to kill it with the lance (72674)."

*SEE* A TIME OF GATHERING BY ROBIN K. WRIGHT, 1991, P. 100 WHERE THIS OBJECT IS IDENTIFIED AS A MOUNTAIN SHEEP HORN LADLE, COLUMBIA RIVER; COLLECTED FROM CHINOOK BUT MAY HAVE BEEN MADE FURTHER UPRIVER BY THE WISHRAM OR WASCO. FROM CARD: "DEPOSITED. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL.7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 4C, PG. 539. 701 LOANED TO RENWICK 9/10/81. RETURNED 8/1983. LENT TO THE BURKE MUSEUM, 2/23/89. ILLUS.: P.90, P1.92, CELEBRATIONS CATALOGUE, SMITHSONIAN PRESS, 1982. LOAN RETURNED OCT.10,1989." OBJECT IS ILLUSTRATED ON P. 8 ("C") OF DAVID IVES BUSHNELL, "DRAWINGS BY GEORGE GIBBS IN THE FAR NORTHWEST, 1849-1851," SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 97.8 (1938). - STEVEN L. GRAFE 1997. Bushnell indicates object was collected by George Gibbs probably in 1850 or 1851.Pamela Cardenas, Shayleen Macy and Valerie Switzler of the Wasco delegation from the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs made these comments during the Recovering Voices Community Research Visit Aug 31-Sept 4, 2015. For the Wasco, the cup or bowl is the center of the culture, it is what our stories are based off. Our creation stories are based off coming out of a spring that was shaped like a bowl. These objects are unique to our tribe because it represents us. We don't differentiate between a cup, ladle/spoon, or bowl. Shayleen noted that it is interesting how the Wasco don't make the designs anymore, the simple zigzags, triangles and chevrons. This horn bowl work hasn't been carried into the contemporary. You used to see these all around, everyone had them, but not anymore. Mountain sheep is 'kakwiq' or 'kakwik' in Kiksht. There are still mountain sheep around, they live in the mountains along the Columbia River, but that's not where our reservation is. You can see the sheep from the mountains, we can hunt them because it is ceded land. Our ceded land runs from Mount Hood to Multnomah Falls. Kiksht is the language of the Wasco tribe.For more information, see pdf of additional documentation on the Gibbs collections provided by Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa which is filed with the Emu accession/transaction record.

From card: "To hold small articles of clothing."Card records locality as Bruseport [?], Wash. This may be Bruceport.

From card: "Miniature."

FROM CARD: "DUPLICATED IN 1898 BY #178981."

FROM CARD: "LIGHTNING TOMANAWOS. COLLECTOR'S LEGEND: "THE HAK TAKE TO AK, OR LIGHTNING TAMANAWOS OF THE MAKAH INDIANS OF CAPE FLATTERY, W. T. THE BIRD ON THE FRONT IS THE CLOVIS OR THUNDERBIRD. THE BACK I SUPPOSE IS THE WHALE AND THE ENDS THE PRIVATE HERALDRY SIGNS OF CERTAIN CHIEFS. THUNDERCLOUDS ARE SUPPOSED BY THE COAST TRIBES TO BE UNIVERSE BIRDS AND LIGHTNING TO BE A FABULOUS ANIMAL LIKE THE SEAHORSE WHICH THE BIRD COLLECTS FROM THE OCEAN IN GREAT NUMBERS. SHE KEEPS CONCEALED AMONG HER FEATHERS. THUNDER IS CAUSED BY THE FLAPPING OF ITS WINGS AND LIGHTNING BY ITS DARTING DOWN, ETC. HAH TAKE TO AK WITH ITS FIREY TONGUE. PORT TOWNSEND, W. T. J. G. SWAN 1861".Some of the motifs carved and painted on this stone are similar in style to the ones depicted in a drawing/watercolor done by James G. Swan, dated November 29, 1859 and titled "Thunder Bird of the Makahs from the Tamanous [i.e. tomanawos] board in the house of the late Yellicom or Flattery Jack". This drawing is illustrated on p. 76 of Miles, George A., James Gilchrist Swan, Franz Stenzel, and Kathryn M. Stenzel. 2003. James Swan, cha-tic of the Northwest Coast: drawings and watercolors from the Franz & Kathryn Stenzel collection of western American art. New Haven, Conn: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University. The drawing is also discussed on pp. 22 of this publication.