« Four birch bark containers, all from the Chicoutimi band which utilized territory to the east of the Lake St. John Band, are described as eating dishes. Each is made from a single piece of bark and has sides that slope outward to an oval or round rim. The rims of all four dishes are separate pieces of wood, probably birch, secured, in three cases, to the tops of the containers with spruce or larch root which was also used to stitch the corners. At intervals on the rim of one of these dishes, four pieces of red cloth, approximately 9 cm in length, have been woven into the root lashing as decoration (fig. 6). The rim of the fourth vessel is tied on with twine and this specimen has been extensively repaired with both twine and roots. One dish has heart-shaped etched designs on all four sides (fig. 7), a decorative technique that will be discussed in more detail when covered baskets are described. The four vessels range in height from 12 to 20 cm, and in diameter from 36 cm to approximately 49 cm. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), Vanstone p.8, fig 6 (p.34), 7 (p.35).

« Four birch bark containers, all from the Chicoutimi band which utilized territory to the east of the Lake St. John Band, are described as eating dishes. Each is made from a single piece of bark and has sides that slope outward to an oval or round rim. The rims of all four dishes are separate pieces of wood, probably birch, secured, in three cases, to the tops of the containers with spruce or larch root which was also used to stitch the corners. At intervals on the rim of one of these dishes, four pieces of red cloth, approximately 9 cm in length, have been woven into the root lashing as decoration (fig. 6). The rim of the fourth vessel is tied on with twine and this specimen has been extensively repaired with both twine and roots. One dish has heart-shaped etched designs on all four sides (fig. 7), a decorative technique that will be discussed in more detail when covered baskets are described. The four vessels range in height from 12 to 20 cm, and in diameter from 36 cm to approximately 49 cm. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), Vanstone p.8, fig 6 (p.34), 7 (p.35). « A characteristic feature of these baskets is the presence of etched designs on tops and sides. The primary method of producing this ornamentation is by laying cut-out birch bark design patterns on the surface and scraping away the dark inner bark everywhere except where the design has been traced with the point of a knife. The positive design thus stands out dark against a light background (Speck, 1937, p. 71). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), Vanstone p.9.

« Four birch bark containers, all from the Chicoutimi band which utilized territory to the east of the Lake St. John Band, are described as eating dishes. Each is made from a single piece of bark and has sides that slope outward to an oval or round rim. The rims of all four dishes are separate pieces of wood, probably birch, secured, in three cases, to the tops of the containers with spruce or larch root which was also used to stitch the corners. At intervals on the rim of one of these dishes, four pieces of red cloth, approximately 9 cm in length, have been woven into the root lashing as decoration (fig. 6). The rim of the fourth vessel is tied on with twine and this specimen has been extensively repaired with both twine and roots. One dish has heart-shaped etched designs on all four sides (fig. 7), a decorative technique that will be discussed in more detail when covered baskets are described. The four vessels range in height from 12 to 20 cm, and in diameter from 36 cm to approximately 49 cm. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), Vanstone p.8, fig 6 (p.34), 7 (p.35).

« A cylindrical container of birch bark is a case for beaver scent or castoreum that was carried on trapping excursions by hunters. This type of container was also sometimes used for matches (Speck, 1937, p. 63, pi. XXI, group A). The rolled piece of bark is morticed in place and the bottom is a section of wood held in place with small tacks. The mouth is closed by a wooden plug (fig. 5i). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.10 fig 5I (p.33).

« Also decorated with positive etched patterns are two comb cases, each a single folded length of bark sewn across two sides with spruce root. Both have suspension cords of moose skin, with small triangular tabs of bark at the ends, which served as cleaners for the combs (Speck, 1937, p. 65). The smaller tab is decorated with the figure of a beaver on one side and a bear on the other (fig. 5f). The larger tab has two fish on one side and a pattern of cross-hatched lines on the other (fig. 91). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.9, fig 5f (p.33), fig 9l (p.37). « Another set of nine patterns, which includes human forms, a fish, a canoe, and floral stencils, is described by Speck as having been used for bead and silk work (fig. 14). However, one of the patterns, that of a fish, was used on a previously described comb case (fig. 91). Speck (1935, pp. 190-191) has noted that for the Montagnais, the symbolic pictorial representation of a plant or animal was equivalent to the actual plant or animal and those portrayed were believed to come under the control of the individual human spirit. Dreams played a major part in suggesting the relationship between specific animals or plants and an individual. The spirit was strengthened by having its dream promptings obeyed and success in subsistence activities was thereby assured. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.10, fig 9l (p.37). « A characteristic feature of these baskets is the presence of etched designs on tops and sides. The primary method of producing this ornamentation is by laying cut-out birch bark design patterns on the surface and scraping away the dark inner bark everywhere except where the design has been traced with the point of a knife. The positive design thus stands out dark against a light background (Speck, 1937, p. 71). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.9.

« Also decorated with positive etched patterns are two comb cases, each a singlel folded length of bark sewn across two sides with spruce root. Both have suspension cords of moose skin, with small triangular tabs of bark at the ends, which served as cleaners for the combs (Speck, 1937, p. 65). The smaller tab is decorated with the figure of a beaver on one side and a bear on the other (fig. 5f). The larger tab has two fish on one side and a pattern of cross-hatched lines on the other (fig. 91). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.9, fig 5f (p.33), fig 9l (p.37). « Another set of nine patterns, which includes human forms, a fish, a canoe, and floral stencils, is described by Speck as having been used for bead and silk work (fig. 14). However, one of the patterns, that of a fish, was used on a previously described comb case (fig. 91). Speck (1935, pp. 190-191) has noted that for the Montagnais, the symbolic pictorial representation of a plant or animal was equivalent to the actual plant or animal and those portrayed were believed to come under the control of the individual human spirit. Dreams played a major part in suggesting the relationship between specific animals or plants and an individual. The spirit was strengthened by having its dream promptings obeyed and success in subsistence activities was thereby assured. » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.10, fig 9l (p.37). « A characteristic feature of these baskets is the presence of etched designs on tops and sides. The primary method of producing this ornamentation is by laying cut-out birch bark design patterns on the surface and scraping away the dark inner bark everywhere except where the design has been traced with the point of a knife. The positive design thus stands out dark against a light background (Speck, 1937, p. 71). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.9.

« An oval piece of birch bark is identified as a head protector to be worn across the forehead under the tumpline. On the outer surface, which is the inner surface of the bark, are positive etched designs showing a bear and a beaver (fig. 26c). » Vanstone, James W. "The Speck Collection of Montagnais Material Culture from the Lower St. Lawrence Drainage, Quebec." Fieldiana. Anthropology. New Series, No. 5 (October 29, 1982), p.18-19, fig 26c (p.54).

Burden basket. Rectangular with three separated rows of animal designs covering all four sides. The figures are reddish-brown bark, with a lighter (yellowish) grass as background. The upper outside edge is reinforced with a rectangular loop of thick metal (telegraph) wire, held on with hide and fibre loops. The inside base is reinforced with a rectangular loop of root, bent at three corners.

Oval coiled basket with loop spacing. Yellow, red and dark cedar detailing. Two handles on top. Handles are reinforced with metal wire and attached to the basket with leather ties.

Birch bark basket. Basket is made from white bark on exterior, with a rectangular base from which sides flare widely upwards toward rim. Interior is made of a sheet of brown bark, which also covers the upper exterior sides. Rim is made of a thin branch, pink in colour, attached to the basket by bark wrappings. Corners of the basket are slit and stitched into place with willow thongs.