9. TWINED SPRUCE ROOT HAT Haida-style weaving; Kwakwaka'wakw-style painting; rings from a different hat This hat has been altered from its original form. It appears that parts of two separate hats have been joined together, the basketry rings and the crown of the hat (at the top) have been joined to the flaring sides.

The paint is green, white, black, gray, and orange.

The paint is black.

The mask was said to have been made nearly one hundred years ago by a carver named Hayogwis for chief Gwalis Gyekhendzi. This chief was the grandfather of Willie Seaweed, whose work is well represented in the Burke Museum collection. (Holm, Crooked Beak of Heaven, 1972).

The paint is white, black, and red.

Cedar bark to be used in the Tseyka, the Kwakwaka'wakw Winter Ceremonial, was dyed an orange-red with the inner bark of the red alder. This dyed bark was used alone or mixed with undyed bark to form red and pale buff stripes or patterns according to the traditional arrangement for each Tseyka participant. Principal participants wore cedar bark neck rings as part of their insignia: some of them simple lengths of shredded bark tied into a loop and hung with bark tassels, some plied into red or candy-striped ropes, and others of varying degrees of elaboration in twisted, wrapped, and plaited work. This triple neck ring is one of the most elaborate. (Holm, Spirit and Ancestor, 1987)