See Collins boat MS. p. 795 and Processing Lab Accession file for additional information on this boat. Originally catalogued as "Kolosh", i.e. Tlingit. Boat model is illustrated p.78 in Rhees, William Jones. 1880. Visitor's guide to the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum, Washington, D.C., Part 3 [Washington]: Judd & Detweiler, Printers and Publishers. https://books.google.com/books?id=L5ZJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA78#v=onepage&q&f=false Illus. Fig. 145, p. 152 in Crowell, Aron, Amy F. Steffian, and Gordon L. Pullar. 2001. Looking both ways: heritage and identity of the Alutiiq people. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press. Identified there as an Angyak model, Kodiak Island, by Aron Crowell, i.e. Sugpiak/Alutiiq (Pacific Yup'ik). "The men in this model of a small angyaq wear three kinds of headgear: seal hunting helmets, spruce root hats with tall tops that indicated wealth, and bentwood hunting hats in the form of open-topped cones with slanting brims, a style from the Alaska Peninsula. Sprays of colored yarn depict water thrown back from the surging bow of the boat."Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=2, retrieved 8-29-2012: Umiak model, Sugpiaq (Alutiiq), Koniag; Kodiak Island, Alaska. angyaq "open skin boat" - Language: Koniag Sugpiaq (Kodiak Island dialect). Also called: baidar [from Russian word for boat].Illus. Fig. 10.9, p. 223 in Luukkanen, Harri, Fitzhugh, William W., and Evguenia Anichtchenko. 2020. The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of Northern Eurasia. Washington DC: Smithsonian Scholarly Press.

FROM CARD: "TWINED WEAVING INCLOSING THE DOWN OF BIRDS WHICH FORMS A PILE OVER THE SURFACE OF THE ROBE, EXCEPT ON THE BORDERS, WHERE THE TEXTURE SHOWS AND IS ORNAMENTED WITH COLORED YARN. THE DOWN IS IN TWO COLORS. THE MATERIAL, ADMITTING OF STRIPING THE SURFACE IN NARROW BANDS, IS DOG'S HAIR MIXED WITH THAT OF THE MOUNTAIN GOAT, AND THE DOWN IS FROM AQUATIC BIRDS. WID. 41 AND 49 INCHES; LENGTH, 38 INCHES, EXCLUSIVE OF FRINGES. SALISH INDIANS, WASHINGTON. LABEL READS: "ROBE OF DOWN.--TWINED WEAVING INCLOSING THE DOWN OF BIRDS WHICH FORMS A PILE OVER THE SURFACE OF THE ROBE, EXCEPT ON THE BORDERS, WHERE THE TEXTURE SHOWS AND IS ORNAMENTED WITH COLORED YARN. THE DOWN IS IN TWO COLORS. THE MATERIAL, ADMITTING OF STRIPING THE SURFACE IN NARROW BANDS, IS DOG'S HAIR MIXED WITH THAT OF THE MOUNTAIN GOAT, AND THE DOWN IS FROM AQUATIC BIRDS. WIDTH 41 AND 49 INCHES; L. 38 INCHES, EXCLUSIVE OF FRINGES. SALISH INDIANS, WASHINGTON." ILLUS. IN AR SI, 1928; PL. 12-A; P. 634, "KRIEGER, "IND. COSTUMES" LENT TO THE BURKE MUSEUM, 2/23/89. LOAN RETURNED OCT 10 1989"Illus. Fig. 50, p. 61 of Salish Weaving by Paula Gustafson, Univ. of Washington Press, 1980. Described on p. 125, cat. entry 79, of Gustafson as: "Fibres: Warp is mountain goat hair; weft is vegetable fibre at border; birdskin strips for body of blanket. Colour: Natural grey and brown waterfowl down; borders are coloured brown, maroon, green and black. Weave: Twine." Also described on p. 59 of Gustafson: "It has a colourful twined border and the general appearance of a Hybrid Salish blanket; however the centre portion is woven from strips of down-covered birdskin in alternating horizontal stipes of grey and brown. The method of construction of this blanket resembles some of the earliest collected blankets from Nootka Sound ... it is believed to have been collected by Admiral [Charles] Wilkes and can possibly therefore be attributed to the Makah. " Illus. (in color) Pl. 2, p. 46 and described p. 44 in "A Time of Gathering: native heritage in Washington State", ed. Robin K. Wright, University of Washington Press, 1991.There is some question as to who the collector/donor of this artifact was. It has been possibly attributed to the Wilkes/U.S. Exploring Expedition on the catalogue card, though Jane Walsh questions that attribution. Wilkes attribution is indeed questionable, as no Peale number has yet been identified for this piece. Some other possible donors would be the National Institute or George Gibbs? Donor is blank in original Anthropology catalogue ledger book. Object was entered into the Anthropology catalogue ledger book in December 1866. Another possible source, if this is not a Wilkes piece, could be Dr. George Suckley? See p. 112 in Suckley, George, and J. G. Cooper, 1860, The natural history of Washington territory and Oregon: with much relating to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Utah, and California between the thirty-sixth and forty-ninth parallels of latitude : being those parts of the final reports on the survey of the Northern Pacific Railroad route, relating to the natural history of the regions explored, with full catalogues and descriptions of the plants and animals collected from 1853 to 1860, New York: Baillie're Bros.. http://www.archive.org/stream/naturalhistoryof00coop#page/112/mode/1up . Suckley and George Gibbs describe blankets made by the Clallam of wool dog hair. Suckley says that he sent to the Smithsonian a dog wool blanket and also one blanket "of dog's wool and duck feathers mixed," though an entry for this Suckley wool and feather blanket has not been located in the Smithsonian catalogues. It may be speculated that E1894-0 could possibly be the Suckley wool and duck feather blanket? Carla Dove (see below) has identified the feathers on this blanket as Mallard duck, which may be an additional argument for this blanket being from Suckley. If it is from Suckley, it may be part of Accession No. 126. Per Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa, 2023, see also list of artifacts in George Gibbs Notebooks of Scientific Observations of the Pacific Northwest. Western Americana Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, WA MSS S-1810, notebook "Washington Territory Miscellaneous, Chiefly Natural History [ca. 1857]," Box 1, Folder 3, page image 41r https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/14462281?child_oid=14462872 . See also 2023 and 2024 information from Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa on the possible provenance of this textile to in 2 pdfs attached to this record.Per Chief Janice George, Squamish weaver, 2008, the borders of this textile include some commercial yarn.Reference: Solazzo, C., S. Heald, M.W. Ballard, D.A. Ashford, P.T. DePriest, R.J. Koestler, and M. Collins. 2011. Proteomics and Coast Salish blankets: A tale of shaggy dogs? Antiquity 85: 1418-1432. http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/085/ant0851418.htm . Identified there as a Hybrid (1850 and beyond) blanket - main body animal fibers woven with down and feathers; external border Mountain goat hair; sheep wool and Mountain goat hair present in braid appearing between main body and chevron-patterned twining; fringe Salish wool or woolly dog hair.Per Dr. Carla J. Dove, Smithsonian Feather Identification Lab, 2017: The physical avian identification below is based on examination of microscopic structures in the downy feathers and comparison of any whole feathers with museum study skins. Bird distributions and population status were considered in making the final species determination. Downy feathers were examined microscopically and a few whole feathers with diagnostic color and pattern were matched to Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos).X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing was conducted on this textile in 2017. Arsenic was detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained arsenic. The testing indicates there are high levels of arsenic (1,000-10,000 ppm). Mercury was also detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained mercury. The testing indicates there are medium (300-1,000 ppm) to high levels of mercury. Lead was also detected. See Anthropology Conservation Lab records for the full report. This object should be handled with gloves. See the Department of Anthropology "Statement on Potential Hazards (Inherent and Acquired) Associated with Collection Objects" for more detailed handling guidelines.

FROM CARD: "54093-54100. #54093 - 81 X 39. 54094 - 86 X 43. 54095 - 84 X 39. 54096 - 82 X 43. 54097 - 92 X 48. 54098 - 88 X 49. 54099 - 78 X 43. 54100 - 84 X 42. NO. 54097 SENT AS A GIFT TO PUBLIC MUSEUM, HARRIMAN, TENN., JUNE 27, 1922."

FROM CARD: "54101-25. #54101 - TROCADERO. #54101 - 96 X 46 IN. 54102 - 94 X 18. 54103 - 87 X 42. 54104 - 80 X 45. 54105 - 82 X 45. 54106 - 96 X 39. 54107 - 87 X 44. 54108 - 94 X 42. 54109 - 79 X 48. 54110 - 95 X 42. #54111 - 87 X 44 IN. #54112 - 90 X 45 IN. 54113 - 92 X 44" 54114 - 70 X 35". 54115 - 92 X 46". 54116 - 96 X 43". 54117 - 114 X 23". 54118 - 84 X 43". 54119 - 108 X 48". 54120 - 14' X 18". 54121 - 96 X 45". 54122 - 82" X 48". 54123 - 70 X 42". 54124 - 68 X 35". 54125 - 90 X 44". NO. 54104 SENT AS A GIFT TO NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, RUTHERFORD, N.J., JUNE 27, 1922."

Written on artifact, presumably by the cataloguer: "7095 cane carved by Nisqually Indians, Mrs. Jno. Thompson, Poughkeepsie, NY, 1849."

FROM CARD: "MODEL OF DUGOUT CANOE. NEG. NO. 2,409."This object is on loan to the Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, from 2010 through 2027.Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=589 , retrieved 6-24-2012: Canoe Model Haida master canoe builders were legendary, called Woodpeckers for the sound of their adzes as they felled and hollowed out the giant cedar trees of Haida Gwaii - the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia. They filled the hollowed logs with water and hot stones to soften the wood, allowing the sides to be spread apart for a wider hull; then they inserted seats and attached separate bow and stern sections. The finished boats were up to 75 feet (23 m) long and equipped with cypress wood paddles, cedar bark lines, and stone anchors.