From card for E23523-46: "Dec 20, 1972, Bill Holm says that these are definitely Haida."Cultural ID for paddles E23523 - 23546 is somewhat in question. They were catalogued as Clallam, Bill Holm has identified them as Haida, but James Swan in correspondence in the accession file references 24 Bella Bella paddles.

SEE PROCESSING LAB ACCESSION FILE FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. See p. 206-207 in Wright, Robin Kathleen. 2001. Northern Haida master carvers. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Wright identifies this object as having been collected by James G. Swan from Duncan ginaawaan at Klinkwan in 1875.

FROM CARD: "HANDLE CARVED." FROM 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL WITH CARD: "SPOON.---MADE OF GOAT'S HORN. HANDLE ORNAMENTED WITH CARVED TOTEMIC DESIGNS. BOWL RIVETED TO THE HANDLE. LENGTH, 9 1/2 INCHES, WIDTH, 2 3/8 INCHES. TSIMSHIAN INDIANS (TSIMSHIAN STOCK), PORCHER ISLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA. COLLECTED BY JAMES G. SWAN."This object is on loan to the Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, from 2010 through 2027.Source of the information below: Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell, entry on this artifact http://www.alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=524, retrieved 4-24-2012: Spoon, Tsimshian. The handle of this feast spoon, which bears interlocking crest images of a person, bird, and wolf, was carved from mountain goat horn; the bowl is a separate piece of horn that was steamed and press-molded into shape. Several Tsimshian villages were particularly known for the manufacture of horn spoons; others specialized in wooden dishes, carved boxes, yellow cedar blankets, and foods such as soapberries, cranberries, crab apples, and dried salmon.

FROM CARD: "NOT IN COLLECTION."Ian Reid (Heiltsuk) and Clyde Tallio (Nuxalk) of the delegation from Bella Bella, Bella Coola and Rivers Inlet communities of British Columbia made the following comments during the Recovering Voices Community Research Visit May 20th - 24th, 2013. When you use these they are held upside down. We got our rattles from Tsimshaml. Of the image, the creature on the bottom is a sea creature but a lot of people call it a hawk face. It came out of the water upside down and it floated upside down. The tongues are symbolic too, of sharing languages or dialects with the creatures and also sharing power with the breath of life. Only chiefs use these rattles, they can be carved out of alder, yew or maple wood. When you carve red cedar you have to follow the grain.

FROM CARD: "EX[changed?]. REV. J.C.C. BEWTON 1/26/95."

From card: "Illust. in USNAM AR, 1888, Pl. 60, fig. 315, p. 330. Made of carved wood in two sections. Two concave convex valves, tied together through holes made in their edges. Ornamented with a carved seated human figure in low relief and other designs. This rattle was formerly owned by "Tsilwak" a medicine man of Gold Harbor, Queen Charlottes Islands, British Columbia [presumed to be New Gold Harbour, a.k.a. Haina, on Maude Island not far from Skidegate?]. Loaned to the Whitney Museum of American Art 9-10-71. Returned to the Department of Anthropology 2-9-72. Loan: Crossroads Sep 22, 1988. Loan returned Jan 21, 1993. Illus.: Crossroads of Continents Catalogue; Fig. 378, p. 275. Illus.: Hndbk. N. Amer. Ind., Vol. 7, Northwest Coast, Fig. 12c, pg. 250." Crossroads of Continents catalogue caption identifies as: Shaman's rattle, Haida. "Globular rattles were used by shamans all over the northern coast to combat evil spirits. Both sides of this rattle portray crouching figures, the center one with a beaklike nose, surrounded by others with long U-shaped fins stretching from their heads. The meaning of these figures, like most shamanic art, is derived from supernatural experiences and cannot be deciphered without information from the owner, who in this case was Tsilwax, a shaman from new Gold Harbor in the Queen Charlotte Islands."

From card: "Rectangular black slate box with cover, on a cedar wood base. Lined with paper pages from "Young Ladies Journal." Figures are said to represent: killerwhale, bear, wolf."March 3, 2011, Robin K. Wright, Burke Museum, attributes to Zacherias Nicholas, also known as the "Master of the Chicago Settee".Listed on page 45 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)".

TO JEFFERSON COUNTY LIBRARY, IOWA. 1886.