FROM CARD: "#1106-ILLUS. IN SMITHSONIAN REPT, 1893; PL. 57,. FIG. 4; P. 679 (1 ARROW)." FROM CONDITION REPORT FOR NMNH EXHIBIT HALL 9 TAKEDOWN (C. VALENTOUR 3/98): "SHAPED WOODEN BOW W/ KNOBS AT EACH END LASHED W/ TWISTED SINEW BOW STRING. TWISTED & PLAITED SINEW RUNNING ALONG OUTSIDE OF BOW. RAWHIDE STRIP LASHED AT CENTER OF BOW."Though originally catalogued as a bow and arrows, as of 2005 there are 20 arrows, a sinew cable-backed bow, and a quiver/bow case with this catalogue number.Bow: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/183 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Sinew-backed recurve bow made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce, part of a set that also includes a quiver and arrows. The bow stave is thickest in cross-section at the middle and at the lateral bends where greatest forces are applied, and flattened at other points along its length. It has knob-like projections at each end for holding the bowstring, which is of braided sinew. The braided sinew backing is attached to the back of the bow by a series of hitches at each of the lateral bends, and with a hide thong at the mid-point where there is a piece of hide between the backing and the stave that would have prevented the backing from slipping. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/318 , retrieved 12-10-2019: This is a set of seventeen arrows that was acquired together with a bow. Some of the arrows have arrowheads with tangs that are inserted into the end of the shaft and bound with sinew lashings, and there is also evidence that pitch was used to hold the arrowheads in place. These include arrowheads made of bone with barbs along one edge only, some of which have metal tips attached at their ends, and iron arrowheads with a row of barbs along each edge. Other arrows are tipped with 'bunts', or blunt arrowheads made from antler and iron that were used for stunning birds. The antler bunts have a V-shaped notch at their base into which the corresponding arrow shaft has been inserted. These arrows all have split and trimmed goose and rough legged hawk feathers attached as fletching. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations: Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.Quiver: This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/321 , retrieved 1-17-2020.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/182 , retrieved 12-27-2019: A pair of man's boots. The uppers are made of hide from the legs of caribou with light and dark pieces running down the leg to make decorative stripes. A pointed sole has close pleating around the front of the foot and the heel. A pointed vamp made up of strips of dehaired dark and light pieces of seal hide joins the uppers to the soles. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/23: Warm, dry footwear is essential for survival in the Arctic. The MacFarlane Collection includes examples of knee-length boots known as kamaks, and ankle high moccasin-type footwear. These garments have been skillfully made, and often were decorated by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin. The soles are crimped along the front edges to make the shape conform to the foot.

Per card, these are black and white wolverine hide.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/181 , retrieved 2-7-2020: A pair of mittens; not further described or analyzed on the website. General information on mittens here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/180 , retrieved 12-27-2019: Girl's caribou skin parka.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/179 , retrieved 12-27-2019: A pair of men's boots made from seal hide. The pointed soles have close pleating around the front of the foot and the heel. Each boot has a pointed vamp made up dehaired dark seal hide that joins the sole to the upper section, which is made of seal hide with the hair left on. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/23: Warm, dry footwear is essential for survival in the Arctic. The MacFarlane Collection includes examples of knee-length boots known as kamaks, and ankle high moccasin-type footwear. These garments have been skillfully made, and often were decorated by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin. The soles are crimped along the front edges to make the shape conform to the foot.

Rectangular box; no top/lid present. Card indicates this is Inuit made.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/178 , retrieved 2-11-2020: A box made from wood. The sides and bottom are joined to the end pieces by small wooden pegs inserted through drilled holes. The end pieces have been carved to produce a slight outward curvature. There is no top with this box, although grooves cut into the upper edges of the side pieces for holding a top indicate that it once had one, and there is remnant of a hide thong for securing a lid in a hole drilled through one of the side pieces.This item is identified in the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a packing box. More information available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/12: The MacFarlane collection contains a variety of wooden boxes. Boxes carved from single pieces of wood, and boxes with sides made from bent pieces of wood with bottoms pegged to them, are traditional Inuvialuit forms that were used for storing tools and other objects. Boxes with separate pieces for each side, bottom and top identified in the Smithsonian Institution's artifact catalogue as 'Packing Box Made by Esquimaux' may have been commissioned by MacFarlane for packing artifacts that were sent to the Smithsonian.

FROM CARD: "INVENTORIED 1976."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/177 , retrieved 12-10-2019: A pair of mittens made from polar bear hide with the fur left on. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.

FROM CONDITION REPORT FOR HALL 9 TAKEDOWN (C. VALENTOUR 3/98): "2167 ANDERSON RIVER ESKIMO R. MCFARLAND WRITTEN IN INTERIOR. CARVED PIECE OF WOOD W/ NOSE DEPRESSION, EYESLITS. EACH SIDE GROOVED W/ 6 PERFORATIONS USED TO ATTACH LENGTH OF BUCKSKIN JOINED W/ SINEWS TO GOGGLES. INTERIOR OF GOGGLES PAINTED BLACK."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/176 , retrieved 12-31-2019: Snow goggles carved from a single piece of wood. They are deeply indented on the inside, with narrow horizontal slits. The indented area has been blackened to further reduce the glare of sunlight. A deep rounded notch for fitting over the nose has been cut into the lower edge in the middle, and there is a shallower notch in the same location on the upper edge. Shallow grooves have been cut at each end, where a hide strap is attached through shallow grooves cut into each side of the goggles. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/52: Snow goggles protect the eyes from bright sunlight reflected from snow and ice which can burn the retinas and result in snow blindness. Similar to squinting, the narrow horizontal slits in the snow goggles allow only a small amount of sunlight to reach the eyes but still allow the person wearing them to see.

FROM CARD: "THE GUTSKIN PARKA ALSO IS NUMBERED 2055."Gutskin coat/parka may have originally been numbered E2054; records indicate it forms a set with the gutskin hat/cap. E2054 is identified as made from sea lion.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/175 , retrieved 12-27-2019: Waterproof coat and cap. The coat is made of sea mammal intestine that was cut and sewn in horizontal strips. In several places, pieces of red and black wool have been sewn into the seams for decoration. The decorative pattern around the neck, cuffs, and hem is made of pieces of dyed sea mammal esophagus. The coat lacks ties around the hem that are distinctive of waterproof coats used when hunting in kayaks. The cap is also made of sea mammal intestine with decorative strips. The hat may have been based on a Russian style. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/28: Waterproof clothing made from intestines was worn when travelling and hunting in boats, and for protection from rain. Coats made of this material used by kayakers typically had ties along the hem so that they could be secured around the cockpit to prevent water from entering. Oral histories also tell of people wearing gut skin clothing while standing in water butchering large whales that had been hunted and brought to shore. Highly decorated garments made from intestines were also worn for ceremonial purposes. Sea mammal intestines undergo complex processing before they are sewn into garments, including several washings, peeling inside and out, and scraping with a blunt scraper.Information per Claire-Estelle Daitch, 2007: Waterproof gut skin parka acquired by Roderick MacFarlane from "the Arctic Coast" in 1866. The elaborate trim is characteristic of gut skin parkas made in the eastern Aleutian Islands. The companion piece to the parka is [a] sea-lion gut cap decorated with colored threads and yarns. One of the many unique objects in the MacFarlane collection is a fabulous Aleut-Alutiiq gut skin parka and cap in extraordinary condition. The parka is decorated with colorful strips of dyed skin-red, black, white and green that create an intricate geometrical design around the neckline, arms, and waistline. Additionally, there are small pieces of red and black trade cloth stitched between the seams. … Of special interest is the cap that accompanies the parka. Made from the same waterproof intestine as the shirt, the cap is shaped like a sailor's cap, revealing the influence of European-Russian clothing styles popular in the Eastern Aleutians and on Kodiak Island in the middle of the 19th century. The gut skin garments in the MacFarlane collection were probably acquired directly from Yankee whalers who regularly stopped in the Aleutians for clothes and supplies on their voyage to the Bering Sea whaling grounds.

As of 2010, this object consists of small self bow.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/174 , retrieved 2-6-2020: Model of a bow. This is a simple bow, with no sinew backing. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/10: The MacFarlane Collection contains accurate models of bows and arrows. Both simple and recurve bows are included. Simple bows curve in an arc from one end to another when they are strung, and recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve bows and several of the simple bows have sinew backing. Models of traditional tools were commonly made by Inuvialuit for trade with Europeans.