FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM REPT 1894, FIG. 258, P. 571. LOANED TO NPG, JAN 6, 1970 (FRAGMENT ONLY). RETURNED: 6/23/70." Description of this sled in US National Museum Annual Report for 1894, pp. 570-572: "The parts of sled (No. 2676) to be now studied are the runners, the shoeing, the crossbars, the handle, and the lashing. (Fig. 258.) The runners (as in the case of most from this region) are made of oak planks less than 1 inch thick, 4 inches high, and 2 feet 4 inches long, taken from whaleships. Evidently these runners have formed part of a sled prior to their use in this one, for there are a great many holes bored along the top aud bottom which now have no function. Each runner is shod with strips of narwhal ivory. Holes are bored through the runners three-fourths of an inch from the bottom, and the wood is cut away between these holes and the bottom so that the rawhide lashing may be countersunk. The shoeing is fastened to the runners in the following manner : Holes half an inch apart are bored diagonally through the ivory so as to meet in a single countersunk cavity below. At every point of attachment there are two sets of these holes, one near the outer margin of the shoeing, tho other near the inner margin. The rawhide lashing passes through the runner, then down through one of the diagonal holes in the shoeing and up through the other, then through the runner to the inside, and down, and up through the diagonal bores in the shoeing back to the outside, as indicated in the drawing. The only exception to this method of attachment is where two ends of the shoeing come together. In that case the bore passes down through the shoeing a quarter of an inch from the end, and a slight gutter is cut from this perforation to the end of the ivory. When two pieces are bored and guttered in this way, a rawhide line passes down through one along to the other in the countersink; the lashing then passes up through the hole in the runner to the inside, and down through the other two perforations, backward and forward, until they are firmly sewed on and the rawhide is protected at every point. When the process is understood, the ingenuity of the Eskimo will appear, the object being at every step to secure the shoeing permanently in place and yet to protect the rawhide line from abrasion by the ice. There are five crossbars to the sled on which the load rests. They are made of the roughest kind of pine and oak from old box covers or barrels, and the front one has been mended by a splicing of bone, as there is no bracing whatever in the Greenland sled beneath. The lashing of these cross bars is very complete and efficient; holes are bored through the runners l j inches from the top, just below where the crossbar is to be attached. The crossbars are cut away at the ends, so as to form a notch like a dovetail. A stout rawhide line passes over this notch and down through the runner to the inside, up over the notch and down to the hole in the runner, and back to the outside. These excursions through the runner and over the end of the crosspiece continue until the holes are filled up; the strands of the lashing are seized firmly by several turns of the rawhide line. In this particular case a half turn of the lashing passes also through old holes that were used when these runners were part of another sled. The handles are very much like those of a plow. They fit on the top of the runner at the hind end, and are held on by a rawhide line passing through a series of holes bored in the runner and in the handle. In addition to this, a rawhide line passes from a hole in the handle 2 inches above the runner to another hole in the heel of the sled. Two inches below its upper margin a rawhide line is rove four times through and fastened off by a half hitch; this part of the work is very neatly done. The upper part of the handles are joined together by a cross piece, which is held on by a diagonal lashing. The knots on this sled are very interesting, consisting of splices or whip knots (a very common device in all rawhide lines), overhand knots, and a series of half turns. After all, the most efficient knot is that shown in the attachment of the crosspieces to the runners, consisting of a seizing fastened off with a single half hitch; the side strand and fore and aft strand are taken up very effectively by this method of lashing."The two additional pieces of sled runner stored with this sled may not actually belong with it. They more resemble Eastern ones rather than Western. The larger piece, # 4 of 4, for example, resembles the runners on sleds E169044 or E383373, which are from Greenland.This object is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/173 , retrieved 1-17-2020.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/172 , retrieved 1-24-2020: Box with a covering made from hide. The sides, end and bottom are rectangular pieces of wood that are joined by small wooden pegs inserted through drilled holes. There is no top with this box, although grooves cut into the upper edges of the side pieces for holding a top indicate that it once had one. The hide cover has been defleshed and has had the hair removed, and has been sewn with sinew. Although this item is not identified in the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a packing box, it is similar to other boxes that have been identified as such. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/12: The MacFarlane collection contains a variety of wooden boxes. Boxes carved from single pieces of wood, and boxes with sides made from bent pieces of wood with bottoms pegged to them, are traditional Inuvialuit forms that were used for storing tools and other objects. Boxes with separate pieces for each side, bottom and top identified in the Smithsonian Institution's artifact catalogue as 'Packing Box Made by Esquimaux' may have been commissioned by MacFarlane for packing artifacts that were sent to the Smithsonian.

FROM CARD: "KNEE-LENGTH BOOTS MADE OF PIECED-TOGETHER MINK AND FOX SKINS. UPPER LEG IS JOINED TO SOLE BY A 2 CM WIDE STRIP OF SKIN. SOLE IS VERY NEATLY CRIMPED, HEEL AND TOE, AND EXTENDS UP ON SIDE AND TOP OF FOOT. L.L.L., 1976."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/171 , retrieved 12-19-2019: A pair of man's boots. The soles are made from bleached seal hide with tight pleating around the fore portion of the foot and the heels. The uppers are made from fox and minks skins, and are joined to the sole by a pointed vamp made of a strip of dehaired dark seal hide. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/23: Warm, dry footwear is essential for survival in the Arctic. The MacFarlane Collection includes examples of knee-length boots known as kamaks, and ankle high moccasin-type footwear. These garments have been skillfully made, and often were decorated by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin. The soles are crimped along the front edges to make the shape conform to the foot.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/170 , retrieved 2-10-2020: A pair of labrets made from marble and shaped by grinding and polishing. Both have an outer disk that may have been intended to have had a split bead mounted to it. One has an inner flange, while the other has a square peg that might have been intended to have had a metal inner flange attached to it. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/35: Inuvialuit males wore stud-shaped ornaments in incisions under each corner of the mouth. Labrets were often decorated by attaching half of a bead to the outer surface.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/169 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Spindle for bow drill. The cylindrical wooden shaft tapers towards the end that was held in a drill bearing. An iron bit has been inserted into the other end, and is held in place with a lashing of twisted sinew. The shaft is decorated with a lightly incised line that spirals along its length. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/20: The bow drills in the MacFarlane Collection were used for boring holes into wood, antler, bone and ivory. The drill spindle (shaft) has a bit at one end, and the other end is shaped to fit into a bearing that is held between the teeth. The spindle is rotated by wrapping a slack thong attached at each end of a drill bow around it, and moving the bow back and forth. Ancestral Inuvialuit also used another type of bow drill for starting fires.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/168 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Throwing board made from a long, thin piece of wood. A wide, shallow bed for a projectile has been cut lengthwise into the top surface near one edge. One end on the opposite side has been cut at an angle, and along the adjacent edge there are three shallow notches. A crescent-shaped bed has been cut into the board between the notches and the long groove, and next to this bed is a large circular hole. These features allowed the throwing board to be securely gripped when in use. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/56: Throwing boards were used to propel harpoons and darts when hunting from a kayak. The shaft of a hunting implement was placed in a groove in the upper surface of the throwing board, resting against a lip of the groove or a knob at one end, and held by the hand at the other end. The hunter propelled the harpoon or dart in an overhand motion. The throwing board acted as an extension of the arm, and gave added power and accuracy to the throw.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/167 , retrieved 2-10-2020: Tobacco pouch. A hide pouch made with bands of white haired caribou skin and decorated with glass beads. Tassels made with beads on hide strips with fur tufts at the ends are attached to the pouch. The beads are of a variety of sizes, shapes and colours of blue, red, black and white. Pouches of this type were commonly used to hold tobacco. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/45: Traditional Inuvialuit clothing had no pockets. Instead, small bags or pouches were used for carrying items such as sewing implements, tobacco, and tinder, flint and steel for making fire. These bags often were exquisitely made by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin and decorating them with fringes and beads. Pouches like the one shown here typically were used to hold tobacco.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/166 , retrieved 2-11-2020: This is the side of a wooden box that has been illustrated with drawings made by applying red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. On the left is a drawing that appears to represent a successful seal hunt on the ice. Three people are shown walking in the same direction. Each is holding a pole-like object, probably harpoons judging from the context. One person is holding a dog by a leash; a second dog appears to be dragging two seals. The illustration on the right side depicts a bowhead whale hunt. The whale is in the act of being struck by a harpoon wielded by a person standing in the front of an umiaq. Also shown in the umiaq are three seated figures, probably paddlers, and a person in the rear with a steering oar.

FROM CARD: "2 PARTS."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/165 , retrieved 12-19-2019: Model of a girl's parka and pants. The parka has the caribou hair turned to the inside. It is trimmed around on the hood and around hem with wolverine fur, and a thin line of red ochre has been applied around the hem. There are skin tags on the hood and 3 bird feathers are attached to the back. The pants have the caribou hair on the outside. The leggings and feet are all one piece.

See Collins boat MS. p. 822. Note that 1098 is mentioned as being used in an exhibit in Berlin in 1880 on p. 104 of USNM Bulletin No. 18. It is described there as an Umiak model, Fort Anderson, H.B.T., Robert [sic, should be Roderick] MacFarlane.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/164 , retrieved 12-10-2019: Model of an umiaq with hide covering and frame made from wood. The individual frame elements are joined by mortise and tenon joints and by use of lashings that pass through drilled holes. The hide cover is made from several pieces of caribou hide with the hair removed. The cover is attached to the frame with sinew passed through holes cut into the skin and wrapped around the gunwales. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/59: The umiaq is a large open boat with a wood frame and a skin covering that was used for transportation and for hunting whales. An umiaq typically was about 10 m in length, 2m wide and about 1 m deep. An umiaq that size could carry a dozen or more people. Umiaqs were well suited to traditional Inuvialuit life. They were a shallow draught watercraft, and could be used in shoals and close to shore without fear of grounding. They had flat bottoms, which made them stable in the water, they could carry large loads and the tough hide covering was difficult to damage. If the covering was damaged, it could be easily repaired with a patch. They were light enough for two people to carry, and could be moved over snow and ice on sleds. Umiaqs were propelled by paddles and with sails made from intestines sewn together. MacFarlane collected models if the original object was too large or too difficult to ship to the Smithsonian Institution.