Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/153 , retrieved 2-10-2020: A pair of boots made with caribou leg skins and caribou skin soles. A pointed vamp of dehaired sealskin joins the upper foot to the leg section. Numerous small skin tags run down the leg seams on both sides of the shins. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/23: Warm, dry footwear is essential for survival in the Arctic. The MacFarlane Collection includes examples of knee-length boots known as kamaks, and ankle high moccasin-type footwear. These garments have been skillfully made, and often were decorated by piecing together contrasting pieces of skin. The soles are crimped along the front edges to make the shape conform to the foot.

Description under remarks section of catalogue card for 7731-7732, actually applies only to 7732. 7731 is a small fur hood, the object described on the catalogue card as a "head covering (capuchin)."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/152 , retrieved 2-10-2020: Child's caribou skin pullover hood or cap. The back of the hood is made using hide from the head of a caribou calf, and a ruff of wolverine fur is sewn around the opening for the face. Pieces of dark and white bands of caribou skin surround the openings for the face and neck. A fringe of caribou skin strips surrounds the bottom of the hood. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/15: Caps were used by themselves or under parka hoods to provide extra protection against the cold.

From card: "Bone fish spear."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/151 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Arrowhead made from bone. It is self-pointed with barbs along one edge and has a conical tang. A line has been incised on either side of the barbs. The Smithsonian Instutiton catalogue identifies this as a tip for a fish spear; however, it is similar in size and shape to arrowheads on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

FROM 19TH OR EARLY 20TH CENTURY EXHIBIT LABEL WITH CARD: "ADZE.-BLADE OF IRON LASHED TO A WOODEN HANDLE WITH A THONG EXTENDING OVER THE UPPER PORTION OF THE BLADE AND THROUGH A HOLE PIERCED IN THE HANDLE. LENGTH OF HANDLE, 11 INCHES; LENGTH OF BLADE, 5 3/4 INCHES. ESKIMO OF MACKENZIE RIVER, ALASKA, 1869. 5,126. COLLECTED BY R. MACFARLANE."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/150 , retrieved 1-17-2020: An adze with an iron blade attached to wood handle made of wood with a hide thong. The blade is made from an axe head of European origin that has been cut away along along both sides to make it narrower, and a groove has been cut into the upper surface and adjacent edges to hold the thong that secures the head to the handle. The handle has been skillfully shaped to provide a secure grip and balance. The end of the handle where it is attached to the blade has been cut aslant, and has a drilled hole through which the hide thong repeatedly passes. The thong lies in the groove on the head, which protected from wear it while the adze was in use. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/3: The short-handled adze was used for shaping large pieces of wood. The blades of traditional Inuvialuit adzes were made made from stone. When metal axe and hatchet blades became available through trade Inuvialuit used them to make adzes by hafting the blades sideways onto wood handles. The blade was bound to the handle using a thick hide thong that was put on when wet, and which shrank and became hard and tight when dry. Community Interpretations: Darrel Nasogaluak: You can tell if an adze was used by a right-handed or a left-handed person. If you place an adze on its head, with the sharp edge pointed toward you, the handle tilts to the right if it was made for a right-handed person and to the left if it was used by a lefty. The more a head was offset, the bigger the person who used it.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/148, retrieved 1-8-2020: Pipe; not further described on website. More information on pipes here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/147 , retrieved 1-17-2020: Lance holder for the deck of a kayak. It consists of a two-part centre piece made from bone that is hinged at the centre, allowing it to fit against the inverted 'V' shape of the deck of a kayak. The hinge has been created by joining the two parts with a babiche thong that passes through a hole drilled through each piece at the joined ends. Smaller pieces made from bone are attached at each end with an iron rivet. The faces of the centre and end pieces are cut aslant where they join so that the end pieces extend inwards and upwards at a shallow angle. The inner parts of the end pieces are connected to the centre piece by passing babiche and baleen thongs through holes drilled in each piece, and then wrapping around itself. A hole drilled through the joints at each end would have been used for mounting the holder to the kayak. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/33: Holders and rests were lashed to the decks of kayaks forward of the cockpit to keep lances and harpoons secure but ready when needed. Lance holders, such as the one illustrated here, were attached close to the bow. The tip of a lance or harpoon would be inserted into one of the triangular openings, and the opposite end of the shaft would sit against a rest that was fastened to the kayak deck close to the cockpit.

From card: "Blue glass and limestone."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/146 , retrieved 2-10-2020: A pair of labrets with a split bead attached to each specimen. The labrets are made from marble, and have been shaped by grinding and polishing to form an outer disk set off from an inner flange by a shallow groove. The inner flange of one of the labrets has been replaced with a flange made from lead or pewter. Each labret has half of a transparent blue glass bead cemented to the outer surface of the disk. A shallow groove has been cut around the middle of each of the beads. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/35: Inuvialuit males wore stud-shaped ornaments in incisions under each corner of the mouth. Labrets were often decorated by attaching half of a bead to the outer surface.

FROM CARD: "DEER SKIN. INVENTORIED 1976."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/144 , retrieved 1-20-2020: Mittens made from caribou hide. These mittens appear to have been well-worn, and much of the hair has been lost. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.

FROM CARD: "LOAN: CROSSROADS SEP 22 1988. ILLUS.: CROSSROADS OF CONTINENTS CATALOGUE FIG.,100, P. 90. LOAN RETURNED: JAN 21 1993." Crossroads of Continents photo caption identifies this as a stool used while waiting for seals at their breathing holes. FROM SECOND CARD: "SEAL-HUNTER'S STOOL. WOOD, HEART-SHAPED; TRIANGULAR HOLE CUT NEAR THE CENTER, WITH CHAMFERED EDGE ON LOWER SIDES; THREE SMALL WOODEN PEGS INSERTED AS LEGS. SIZE, 12 3/4 BY 8 INCHES; HEIGHT, 5 3/8 INCHES. ANDERSON RIVER, ARCTIC COAST. 3978. R. MACFARLANE. A ROUGHLY CONSTRUCTED BUT DURABLE UTENSIL, USED BY ESKIMOS TO STAND UPON WHILE WATCHING FOR SEALS IN WINTER." Described p. 116 in Brown, James Temple. 1883. The whale fishery and its appliances. Washington: Govt. print. off.. Description is the same as that listed on second card.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/143 , retrieved 1-8-2020: Three-legged stool, made from wood. The top is somewhat triangular is shape, with rounded corners, two outward-curving sides and one side with a deep inward curve. A triangular hole has been cut into the top, both to allow the stool to be carried and to reduce overall weight. The edges of the stool top and of the triangular hole have been beveled on the underside surface. The legs are inserted through holes drilled into the top piece, and taper from top to bottom. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/54: Stools were used when hunting seals at breathing holes or when fishing through holes cut through ice. Hunters would either stand on the stool, with heels together over one leg and the other legs supporting the toes of each foot, or would sit on the stool.Listed on page 28 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Family Group of the Western Eskimo, Alaska".