SI ARCHIVE DISTRIBUTION DOCUMENTS SAY AN OBJECT WITH THIS NUMBER SENT TO PEABODY MUSEUM, HARVARD, MASS. 1887.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/30 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Two ivory rods with holes drilled at each end that may have been bag handles, although no bags using this type of handle are present in the collection. One of the handles is straight. The other is curved, and is decorated with engraved lines. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/7: Skin bags used for storing tools and other items often had carrying handles made from antler or ivory. Bag handles commonly had holes drilled at each end for fastening ties that were attached to the bags.

PER CARD, ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS A BOW, QUIVER, AND 8 ARROWS. FROM CARD: "QUIVER, BOW, ARROW-ILLUS. IN SMITHSONIAN REPT, 1893; PL. 94; FIG. 679."There is no bow with this quiver and arrow set as of 27 Oct 2009.Quiver: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/290 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Quiver, part of a set that includes seven arrows. The quiver is made from caribou hide. It has a sleeve for a stiffener sewn along one side, and a carrying strap made from a hide thon is sewn onto that side. Above the carrying strap is another thong that likely was used for wrapping around the quiver when not in use. Ten cut and notched hoof sheaths have been attached to the quiver with hide thongs; several other thongs sewn along the sides may have held similar hooves. The quiver has been decorated on one side with red ochre lines. One line runs almost the entire length of the quiver. Shorter lines terminating in a 'Y' shape are connected to the longer line at right angles. Between each of these lines is a still shorter line. The quiver is large enough to have held a strung bow, in addition to the arrows. More information on quivers here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/46: Arrows were kept in skin quivers that hunters carried slung on their backs. Red ochre stain and other decorations were often added to bring luck or to give power to the hunter.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/29 , retrieved 2-5-2020: This is a set of seven arrows that was acquired with a quiver. Six of the arrows have been fletched with rough-legged hawk feathers, and one has goose feather fletching. Five arrows have bone or antler arrowheads, and of those, four have barbs along one edge. Four of the bone and antler arrowheads have been tipped with metal blades inserted into slots at the ends of the arrowheads, and one is self-pointed. Arrowheads are missing from two arrows. Each of the arrows has been decorated with four lines applied with black stain encircling the shaft tin the area of the fletching. These marks may have been applied to identify the owner. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

From Card: "LENT TO PRINCE OF WALES NORTHERN HERITAGE CENTER, 6-3-92. LOAN RETURNED: DEC 21 1992. "Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/28 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Pipe with a metal bowl and a stem made of wood. The upper part of the bowl is made from a gilt metal button and is attached to a cylindrical post with a flange at its base, also made of metal. The bowl has a shallow concavity at the top, with a hole that continues through to the stem. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with a lashing made of hide, which also wraps around a flange at the base of the bowl, fastening it to the stem. A pick made from two iron nails is attached to the pipe by a hide thong. The button used for the pipe bowl has a message in raised letters on the underside that has been partially obstructed where the post has been attached. The message on complete specimens of this button known from other source reads: GONE N.E. OF PT BARROW / INVESTIGATOR – AUGT 1850 / ENTERPRISE – AUGT 1851 / PLOVER AT PORT CLARENCE / 1852 [in center] / SQUADRON WITH STEAMERS SEARCHING N & W / OF PARRY ISLAND 1852 / DEPOTS OF PROVISIONS / REFUGE INLET . PORT LEOPOLD / & ADMIRALTY INLET IN BARROW STRAITS These so-called 'rescue buttons' (also known as 'postal buttons') were made by the British Navy and distrtibuted to Inuit during the search for the missing 1845 Franklin Expedition. The British Navy hoped would fall into the hands of survivors of the Franklin Expedition, informing them of where they could seek help. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: Inuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. The MacFarlane Collection includes twenty pipes of this northern style. The bowls are made from metal, wood or stone, and with one exception the pipes have curved wooden stems split along their length and held together with a skin or sinew wrapping. Commonly a pick used for tamping tobacco and cleaning the bowl is attached to the pipe.Sue Rowley (Associate Professor of Anthropology at UBC) says "A number of years ago I was fortunate to see this pipe at the Smithsonian. I did some research on the medal that forms the rim of the pipe bowl. There is an unaltered version of the medal at the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, England."

FROM CARD: "3 PARTS EACH. 1 DRILL."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/27 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Bow drill set consisting of a bow, mouthpiece and spindle. The bow is a slightly curved piece of antler which has holes drilled through each end for holding a hide thong. The mouthpiece has been fashioned from wood, and has a bearing made from hard limestone or marble inset into it. The mouthpiece lacks the wide flanges for protecting the cheeks found on most items of this type in the collection. The spindle has a wood shaft and an iron bit held in an antler socket piece that is secured to the shaft with a sinew lashing. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/20: The bow drills in the MacFarlane Collection were used for boring holes into wood, antler, bone and ivory. The drill spindle (shaft) has a bit at one end, and the other end is shaped to fit into a bearing that is held between the teeth. The spindle is rotated by wrapping a slack thong attached at each end of a drill bow around it, and moving the bow back and forth. Ancestral Inuvialuit also used another type of bow drill for starting fires.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/26 , retrieved 2-7-2020: A pair of mittens made of wolverine hide. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/41: Mittens with separate thumbs were used for keeping the hands warm in winter. They usually have the hair on the outside at the back of the mitten, which can be held against one's face to keep it warm. The mittens usually are quite short, as the fur trim on the sleeves of parkas protected the exposed wrist.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN PROCEEDINGS, USNM, VOL. 60; NO. 5; P. 48."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/25 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Knife with a long iron blade hafted in a two-piece handle made from whalebone. A hide thong wrapped around the handle secures the blade, and would have made the handle easier to grip. The blade is sharpened along one edge only. Two pairs of lines cut into the back of the blade near the handle may be ownership marks. This object is identified in the Smithsonian Institution catalogue as a 'blubber knife', and was probably used for flensing beluga and bowhead whales.Flensing is the removing of the blubber or outer integument of whales, separating it from the animal's meat.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/24 , retrieved 12-19-2019: Dart; object is not further analyzed or described on the site. General information on darts here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/38: Darts are used for hunting sea mammals such as seals and whales. Darts have a barbed point that is inserted into a socket at the end of a shaft. The dart head detached from the shaft and stays attached to an animal when it is struck. A line fastened to the dart head is secured at the other end to a float or to the shaft.

Sinew cable-backed bow and quiver.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/23 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Bow. Small bow, part of a set that includes a quiver. This is identified on the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a 'boy's bow'. The stave is approximately 52 cm long, or half the size of a regular bow of this type. It is a somle bow, made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is thickest in the middle and flattened at each end, where knob-like projections have been carved to hold a bowstring made of braided sinew. A long piece of braided sinew is laid lengthwise along the back of the bow, passing around the end projections and twisted together into two cables. The sinew backing is attached to the stave by a series of hitches, also made from sinew. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/313 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Quiver, part of a set that includes a bow, that is identified on the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a 'boy's bow'. The quiver is made from caribou hide. It has a sleeve with a wood rod inserted as a stiffener sewn along one side, and a carrying strap made from a hide thong is sewn onto that side. On the opposite side are a number of fringes, some of which are decoratedwith white beads. The opening for the arrows has been finished by folding it back and sewing it in place.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/22 , retrieved 1-28-2020: Needle case, strap and belt hook. The needle case is a hollow ivory tube with eight split beads embedded in shallow drilled holes and cemented in place. The beads are a small, opaque blue variety. One end of a hide strap passes through the needle case and is attached with a wrapping of sinew to a cap that seals that end of the needle case when the strap is drawn tight. The cap has a split blue bead embedded in it. Attached to the strap is a small length of sinew with three small white beads attached. The other end of the strap is doubled back on itself and knotted to form a loop, and attached to an ivory implement of a type that has variously been identified as a belt hook or holder for skin thimbles. This object is a flattened piece of ivory with a hole at one end where it attaches to the strap. A curved slit runs from one side almost to the other end, and terminates at a drilled hole, probably to prevent it from splitting. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/42: Sewing needles were kept in a tube-like case with a skin strap running through the centre. The needles were stuck into the strap, and then pulled into the case. Hooks for fastening the case to a belt, or holders for thimbles made from skin, were often attached to one end of the leather straps.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1890; PL. 56, FIG. 3; P. 416 (ULU) BLADE OF SHEET IRON, INSERTED WITHOUT RIVETS INTO A SLIT IN THE HANDLE OF WALRUS IVORY. THE LATTER IS EXCAVED ON BOTH SIDES TO FIT THE HAND AND ORNAMENTED WITH WHALEBONE PLACED THROUGH PERFORATIONS IN THE UPPER BORDER WITH SLIGHT VARIATIONS. ILLUS. HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 353, FIG. 7A."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/21 , retrieved 12-17-2019: Ulu with an iron blade and ivory handle. The handle has a transverse slot along the bottom edge into which the blade has been inserted, and an elongated perforation has been cut through the handle to provide a hand grip. Seven holes have been drilled through the top of the handle, through which strands of baleen have been laced, probably to enhance the grip when working with slippery materials. The curved cutting edge has been sharpened by filing along both sides. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/58: An ulu is a knife with a crescent-shaped blade attached to a handle made of wood, bone or antler. The design of an ulu ensures that the cutting force is centred more over the middle of the blade than with an ordinary knife. Ulus are used for skinning animals, scraping skins, cutting hides when sewing as well as for other household tasks. They are sometimes called 'women's knives' since they usually are associated with women's tasks.