Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/242 , retrieved 1-14-2020: Identified there as fish lures with stone sinkers, but not further analyzed or described. The website does have general information on fishing tackle here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/21: Fishing tackle was used for catching fish in rivers and streams during the open water season, and for jigging through holes chiseled through ice in winter and spring. Fishing tackle in the MacFarlane Collection includes fishing rods (iqaluksiun) with lines (ipiutaq) made from baleen, and bone and antler lures (niksik) with iron hooks. Less commonly, fishhooks were made from wood.

FROM CARD: "CUT IN OUTLINE ON WOOD AND COLORED. 8 WOODEN PLATES."For an extensive article on these plaques, with illustrations, see "Painted wooden plaques from the MacFarlane collection : the earliest Inuvialuit graphic art" by David Morrison, Arctic, v. 59, no. 4, Dec. 2006, p. 351-360.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/241 , retrieved 1-8-2020: Eight wood plaques, possibly cut from packing boxes, each of which has illustrations on both sides. The illustrations are thought to have been prepared by Inuvialuit. They have been created by incising lines into the surfaces of the plaques, and then adding charcoal and red ochre for colour. The scenes depict hunting and fishing, animals (real and imaginary), Inuvialuit camps and several scenes that may be of events at Fort Anderson. For more about these illustrations, see David Morrison, 'Painted Wooden Plaques from the McFarlane Collection: The Earliest Inuvialuit Graphic Art' (2006), in the 'Learn' section of this website.Plaque #1, side A, is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/292: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding a black pigment, probably charcoal. The illustration shows a polar bear and is framed by a rectangle. Plaque #1, side B, is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/293: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. The illustration shows a bowhead whale hunting scene, with five people in an umiaq pursuing a bowhead whale. In the front of the umiaq a standing figure appears about to throw a harpoon towards the whale. The umiaq is being propelled by three seated people, and another figure standing at the back is steering with a steering oar.Plaque #2, side A, is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/294: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. The illustration shows three men in kayaks pursuing a group of seven white whales (belugas). The kayaks appear to have floats on the decks, behind the hunters. One of the men is holding a harpoon, and appears to be in the act of throwing it at one of the whales. Plaque #2, side B, is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/295: Drawing on a wood plaque. This appears to be 'doodling', using ochre to create random lines and shapes.Plaque #3, side A is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/296: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing shows to people lying in what appear to be bunk beds in a European style structure with a peaked roof. The person in the top bunk appears to be a woman. Next to the bunks is a kettle or pot hung in front of a fireplace, with a chimney extending up the wall and through the roof. Plaque #3, side B is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/297: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing shows a group of four snow houses, beside which are three upright poles with pelts attached to them. In the foreground are two men in Inuvialuit style parkas . One of the men is holding a knife, and they may be arguing or fighting.Plaque #4, side A is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/298: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing shows two men in kayaks hunting swimming caribou, probably at a river crossing. One of the hunters has thrust a lance into the side of a caribou, which is bleeding from the mouth or nostrils. Plaque #4, side B is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/299: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing shows two men in Inuvialuit-style parkas who appear to have weapons in their hands. In the background may be a winter sod house with a tent used for cooking connected to the entrance tunnel. Behind the house is an upright pole with three pelts attached, and a structure that might be a raised stage made from logs used for storage.Plaque #5, side A is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/300: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing depicts a man in Inuvialuit clothing holding onto an animal that has a body shaped like a dog, antlers like a caribou, and a beak and feet that resemble those of a bird. Plaque #5, side B is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/301: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. The illustration most likely relates to Fort Anderson. It shows three men who are Europeans, judging from their beards and dress, sitting at a table.Plaque #6, side A is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/302: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. In this drawing two people who appear to be inside a dome-shaped snow house are having sex, while a third individual who appears to have a weapon in his hand is spying on them. A dog is shown crouching outside the snow house. Plaque #6, side B is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/303: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing depicts two people pulling sleds, using lines that pass around their chests. One of the individuals is being aided by a small dog. A pole attached to that sled has what appears to be a raven attached to it.Plaque #7, side A is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/304: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This drawing shows a seated man and a standing woman. Both are dressed in European clothing, and the drawing likely shows the interior of one of the houses at Fort Anderson, with a table, several household items and a small dog. Plaque #7, side B is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/305: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. This illustration appears to depict two people hunting birds in trees. Both people are wearing parkas. One is aiming an arrow at a bird in a tree, and the other appears to be standing on a branch under a nest with a bird in it high in a second tree. A third bird is also shown, possibly falling to the ground.Plaque #8, side A is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/308: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. The drawing appears to portray a bird with antlers. In front of the bird is a shape that may represent a snare. Roderick MacFarlane, who acquired this item for the Smithsonian Institution, remarked in an article he later wrote on 'Land and Sea Birds Nesting Within the Arctic Circle in the lower Mackenzie River District' that a female golden eagle he collected for the Smithsonian Institution had been 'snared upon her nest'. Plaque #8, side B is described: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/307: Illustration on a wood plaque, created by incising lines into the surface and then adding red and black pigments, probably ochre and charcoal. The illustration depicts a person, most likely a man judging from the shape of the parka, sitting on a stool and fishing through a hole in the ice. In one hand he is holding a fishing rod with a line attached to it, and at the end of the line appears to be a baited fishing lure. A figure that is likely a dog is standing nearby. Below the ice, which is shown by a horizontal line, four fish appear to be attracted to a fish head used as bait. The sizes of the fish and shapes of the fins suggest that they are burbot (upper left), greyling (upper right) and lake trout (lower right), all of which are common to the area and can be caught on hooks. Two of the fish, and the fish head, have spurred lines attached to their heads, suggestive of antlers.

FROM CARD: "SEVERAL IN COIL. BONE OR WOODEN SHANKS, THROUGH THE LOWER END OF WHICH ARE PASSED BARBLESS IVORY, IRON, OR COPPER POINTS. GANGINGS MADE OF SPLIT QUILLS, WALRUS WHISKER, OR WHALEBONE; SOME HAVE STONE OR IVORY SINKERS WITH SNOODS; LINES MADE OF WALRUS HIDE, WHALEBONE, ETC. CAT. NO. 2197. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 5, ARCTIC, PG. 352, FIG. 4D."SI Archives Distribution lists for 1867 list this number as being exchanged, but does not list where the item(s) went. It is described as a a "whalebone line, hook"Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/240 , retrieved 12-31-2019: Six fish hooks and two bundles of fishing line made from strips of baleen. The shanks of the fish hooks are made from small pieces of wood that have been split at one end for inserting a barb. The barbs are made of bone. They are sharpened to a point at one end, and the end that is inserted into the split end of the shank is notched on one edge. The baleen line extends along the length of the fish hook, and is wrapped around the split end of the shank and the protruding notched end of the barb.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM AR, 1894; FIG. 21; P. 290. INVENTORIED 1975. LENT TO PRINCE OF WALES NORTHERN HERITAGE CENTER, 6-3-92. LOAN RETURNED: DEC 21 1992."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/239 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Snow goggles with wood eye shades attached to strips of hide. The eye shades are rectangular with rounded edges, and are convex on the outside and concave on the inside, where they have been blackened with soot or charcoal. Each eye shade has a narrow slit cut into it. The eye shades are stitched to separate pieces of hide on each side and in the centre with sinew. The side pieces in turn are stitched to narrower thong ties. One of these ties has a slit at the end for joining to the corresponding end of the tie on the opposite side. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/52: Snow goggles protect the eyes from bright sunlight reflected from snow and ice which can burn the retinas and result in snow blindness. Similar to squinting, the narrow horizontal slits in the snow goggles allow only a small amount of sunlight to reach the eyes but still allow the person wearing them to see.

Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/238 , retrieved 1-3-2020: Pipe made almost entirely from wood. The pipe stem is in two longitudinal sections that have been bound together with a baleen wrapping. Strips of hide were laid along the junctures of the two sections before they were bound together, presumably to seal the joints. One end has been shaped to serve as a bowl for holding tobacco. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/2: nuvialuit first obtained pipes and tobacco in the 1800s through indigenous trade networks that stretched through Alaska and as far as Siberia. ...

FROM CARD: "1710 FOUND DEC 1975."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/237 , retrieved 12-19-2019: Man's parka made of caribou hide. The back of the parka is a bit longer than the front and has a slightly curved shape. White skin hood gores extend onto the front of the parka. The hood and hem of the parka are trimmed with wolverine fur. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/44: In winter men, women and children wore skin parkas (qusungat) over an inner garment (atigi). They were skillfully tailored using many individual pieces of skin (usually caribou) chosen for the thickness of the hide and qualities of the hair. Men's and women's parkas each had their own style, evident in the shape of the hood and the hem, and children's clothing mirrored the clothing of adults. Each parka was made to fit one particular individual, with the seamstress measuring with hand and eye and following complex patterns that were handed down from generation to generation. Parkas were decorated by incorporating pieces of skin with shorn hair and contrasting colours, and were sometimes coloured with dyes. The hood, cuffs and hem of the parka were usually trimmed with wolverine fur, which kept the cold out and because frost was easy to brush off the thick and stiff fur.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS. IN USNM REPT, 1895; PL. 19, FIG. 3; P. 784"Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/236 , retrieved 12-30-2019: Graver with an iron blade set into a handle made from antler. The blade has been sharpened along one edge and at the tip. The handle consists of a piece of antler that has been split along the long axis. The resulting two pieces have matching grooves at one end, and were rejoined after the blade was inserted. Part of the handle has been cut away, leaving a slight step at each end. A cord made of braided sinew is wrapped around the handle below the step at the end holding the blade. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/27: Gravers with iron tips held in bone and antler shafts were used for engraving designs on ivory, bone, antler and wood.

From card: "Bear skin."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/235 , retrieved 12-17-2019: A pair of man's caribou hide gloves. The fingers are made from a separate pieces of hide sewn onto the hand piece. Red strips of wool cloth follow the lines of the hand, along the base of knuckles, in the palm and at the wrist. The wrists are bordered with a band of red wool cloth, and strips of cream and dark cropped hide and snippets of red wool. An outer strip at the wrist is wolverine hide and is coloured with ochre on the skin side.

Bow: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/234 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Simple bow with sinew backing made from a single piece of wood, probably spruce. The bow stave is elliptical in cross section along its entire length. It has knob-like projections at each end for holding the bowstring, which is of braided sinew. Two braided sinew cables on the back of the bow are secured by a long piece of braided sinew wrapped in a spiral manner along most of the bow stave, and by a series of hitches at either end. This bow was collected together with several arrows and a quiver. More information on bows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/9: Bows with sinew backing were one of the most sophisticated hunting weapons of the Inuvialuit. The bow stave was often made from a single piece of spruce somewhat more than a metre in length, with a continuous piece of braided sinew laid along the back of the stave in several strands that wrapped around each end. The sinew strands were attached to the stave near each end with a series of hitches, and between these hitches the strands were twisted into two tight cables. The sinew backing added strength and elasticity to the bow. There were two main types of these bows. Simple bows when strung curve in an arc from one end to another. They were often used when hunting small animals and birds. Recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve shape together with the sinew backing made this type of bow a powerful tool for hunting large animals. Bowstrings were made from braided sinew.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/320 , retrieved 2-5-2020: This set of four arrows was acquired as set with a bow and a quiver. Each arrow has been fletched with trimmed feathers, and the shafts of the arrows at the fletching have marks created by staining that might have been applied to identify the owner. One of the arrows is missing its arrowhead, but the three others have blunt points, or 'bunts', made from bone or antler. The ends of these shafts have been cut to form wedge shapes, which are fitted into V-shaped openings in the bases of the bunts and secured with sinew lashing. Two of the bunts have engraved encircling lines. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.Associated quiver is listed, but not described or analyzed, in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/322 , retrieved 1-17-2020. General information on quivers here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/46: Arrows were kept in skin quivers that hunters carried slung on their backs. Red ochre stain and other decorations were often added to bring luck or to give power to the hunter.