FROM CARD: "DESTROYED. JUNE 7, 1973 THIS MASK WAS NUMBERED T-656 FOR SEVERAL YEARS DURING WHICH TIME IT HAS BEEN CONCLUDED THAT THIS IS THE DESTROYED WILKES MASK. THE MASK EXHIBITS THE EFFECTS OF THE 1865 FIRE IN THE SMITHSONIAN BUILDING. SOME FARSIGHTED EMPLOYEE APPARENTLY CHOSE NOT TO DISCARD IT DESPITE ITS CONDITION."Attributed to U.S. Exploring Expedition/Wilkes collection on the catalogue card, however Jane Walsh doubts that attribution.

FROM CARD: "FRONT OF THE BOWL IS THE FULL-ROUNDED VIEW OF A MANS HEAD SHOWING HAIR, ETC.. 12/20/66: NOT ACCOUNTED FOR. GP." FROM CARD: "OLD NEG. #S 1100 (NOW 78-7939 AND 1033 (NOW 78-7938) - BOTH PRINTS SHOW SPECIMENS BEARING NO. 2596, BUT THE TWO SPECIMENS ARE DIFFERENT. - SR. >ONE IS PHOTO OF PIPE BOWL [78-7939], ONE IS PIPE STEM."Circa 2008, this object appears to consist of a pipe stem only.

Illus. Pl. 123, p. 160 and described (under incorrect catalogue # 2588) on p. 191 in Yehl, The Raven chapter of Barbeau, Charles Marius. 1953. Haida myths illustrated in argillite carvings. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Resources and Development, National Parks Branch, National Museum of Canada. Motifs identified there as "Two Ravens, one of them holding up the pipe bowl; a quadruped with the Raven's head, the Wolf, the Bear, the Raven; a quadruped and a person linked together by their tongues and hands."Provenience note, in 1841 Oregon Territory encompassed the land from Russian Alaska to Spanish California and from the Pacific to the Continental Divide. The U.S. Exploring Expedition did not go to Canada, but did reach Oregon Territory in 1841, and carried out a hydrographic survey of the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades, as well as doing some surveying inland.They had dealings with Hudson's Bay Company staff during that time, and it is probable that the HBC is the source of a number of the Northwest Coast artifacts collected by the expedition. This object has been attributed as possibly Haida, based on its being made of argillite.FROM CARD: "(DUPLICATE CARD. COPIED FROM CATALOG BOOK)."

FROM CARD: "*1 ARROW MAY BE FROM CALIFORNIA INVENTORIED. 8/17/66."

A wooden panel pipe or ship pipe. Has original Peale # label.Provenience note, in 1841 Oregon Territory encompassed the land from Russian Alaska to Spanish California and from the Pacific to the Continental Divide. The U.S. Exploring Expedition did not go to Canada, but did reach Oregon Territory in 1841, and carried out a hydrographic survey of the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades, as well as doing some surveying inland.They had dealings with Hudson's Bay Company staff during that time, and it is probable that the HBC is the source of a number of the Northwest Coast artifacts collected by the expedition.FROM CARD: "IVORY, WOOD ETC. NEG. NO. 1099 INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING FIVE CATALOG NUMBERS: 2606, 2600, 2603, 2607 AND 2599."Illus. Fig. 15, p. 46 in Wright, Robin K., 1979, "Haida Argillite Ship Pipes," American Indian Art Magazine, 5(1). Identified there as a wooden ship pipe: "Pipe of wood, paint, paper, glass, whalebone, metal. Has paddle wheel with inlaid paper behind the billethead, a horse, rider and wagon, picket fence, floral and palm tree motifs."Object on display in National Museum of Natural History exhibit "Objects of Wonder", 2017.

FROM CARD: "REPRODUCED: KREIGER, S.I. A.R. 1928, PL. 10 UNDER NUMBER 1891, COLLECTED BY LT. G.K. WARREN. THIS IS INCORRECT. CAT.#1891B IS A NAVAJO BLANKET WHICH WAS ONE OF TWO COLLECTED BY WARREN AND IS REPRODUCED BY AMSDEN (1934), PL. 77. THIS SALISH BLANKET HAS BEEN GIVEN A TEMPORARY "A" NUMBER SUFFIX AT THIS TIME. IT MAY BE A WILKES PIECE - BUT DEFINITELY IS NOT A WARREN SPECIMEN. - B.G.S. (BARBARA STUCKENRATH). LENT TO THE BURKE MUSEUM, 2/23/89. LOAN RETURNED. OCT 10 1989."Illus. (under #1891) Fig. 30, p. 49 of Salish Weaving by Paula Gustafson, Univ. of Washington Press, 1980. Described on p. 124, cat. entry 78 of Gustafson as: "Fibres: Mountain goat hair. Colour: Dark blue, dark green, medium green, scarlet, rose, gold and natural white. Weave: Twine." Also described on p. 48 of Gustafson: "A good example of a Colonial Salish blanket ... The borders and sectioning of this blanket into horizontal panels is Classic design, but the insertion of a centred square composed of a diamond motif created by overlapping small squares is, I suggest, a direct result of the Salish weavers having seen and admired patchwork quilts."Per Chief Janice George, Squamish weaver, 2008, the wool in this textile includes some commercial yarn.Illus. Fig. 5.20, p. 92 in Brotherton, Barbara. 2008. S'abadeb = The gifts : Pacific Coast Salish arts and artists. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum in association with University of Washington Press. Figure caption notes: "Fully twined textiles of mountain goat wool, such as this one, were referred to as "nobility robes" because only high-status people had the means to commission them. The earliest twined robes ... [text references E2124, as an example] bore intricate combinations of geometric patterns ... created with plant and other natural dyes. ...By the mid-nineteenth century, bolder colors and patterns were employed, often with a central square in patterns contrasting with the sides, top, and bottom of the weaving."Reference: Solazzo, C., S. Heald, M.W. Ballard, D.A. Ashford, P.T. DePriest, R.J. Koestler, and M. Collins. 2011. Proteomics and Coast Salish blankets: A tale of shaggy dogs? Antiquity 85: 1418-1432. http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/085/ant0851418.htm . Identified there as a Colonial (1850 - 1900) blanket - weft Mountain goat hair and Salish wool or woolly dog hair; fringe Mountain goat hair.Jane Walsh speculates that the correct catalog number for this artifact may be E2125?, based on its resemblance to the blanket # E2124 (Peale # 312). This would make E1891A a Wilkes/U.S. Exploring Expedition piece. Jane has identified it, if it is a Wilkes piece, as possibly Peale # 313, which is described (as is Peale # 312) in the U.S. Exploring Expedition Peale catalogue as a blanket made of wool of the Rocky mountain sheep, by the natives of Puget sound, NW Coast of America.However, Wilkes collection ID for this object is uncertain/questionable. The Anthropology catalogue ledger book had listed G. K. Warren as possible donor, which is clearly wrong for this piece, though may well be correct for a Southwest blanket now called 1891B. Donor is blank in original Anthropology catalogue ledger book for catalogue #s 1892-1895, some or all of which *may* possibly be related objects to 1891A? Some other possible donors would be the National Institute, John Varden, George Gibbs or Caleb Kennerly? Object was entered into the Anthropology catalogue ledger book in December 1866. Another possible source, if this is not the Wilkes piece, might be Dr. George Suckley? See p. 112 in Suckley, George, and J. G. Cooper. 1860, The natural history of Washington territory and Oregon: with much relating to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Utah, and California between the thirty-sixth and forty-ninth parallels of latitude : being those parts of the final reports on the survey of the Northern Pacific Railroad route, relating to the natural history of the regions explored, with full catalogues and descriptions of the plants and animals collected from 1853 to 1860, New York: Baillie're Bros.. http://www.archive.org/stream/naturalhistoryof00coop#page/112/mode/1up . Suckley and George Gibbs describe blankets made by the Clallam of wool dog hair intermixed with the ravellings of old English blankets to facilitate twisting with yarn. These are stretched on a frame and then interwoven, leaving a fringe (when finished) where the ends are separated. Suckley says that he sent to the Smithsonian one "dogs wool blanket," made of this type of material, though an entry for the Suckley blanket has not been located in the Smithsonian catalogues. Both the Gustafson and Solazzo references date this piece to 1850 or later, which would argue *against* it being a United States Exploring Expedition/Wilkes piece. If it is from Suckley, it may be part of Accession No. 126. Per Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa, 2023, see also list of artifacts in George Gibbs Notebooks of Scientific Observations of the Pacific Northwest. Western Americana Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, WA MSS S-1810, notebook "Washington Territory Miscellaneous, Chiefly Natural History [ca. 1857]," Box 1, Folder 3, page image 41r https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/14462281?child_oid=14462872. Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa also notes re E1894: "In a letter dated Jun 13, 1958 from CBR Kennerly to Spencer Baird he mentions William J. Warren (not Lt. G.K. Warren which may be part of the confusion?), Commissioner Campbell's secretary, putting a blanket in a box with the delicate specimens on its way to Baird. Warren acted as a postmaster at Camp Semiahmoo where the letter was written. Perhaps [George] Gibbs gave it to him with the intention it be shipped to Baird? At the time [George] Suckley was in Camp Steilacoom where Gibbs was on his way to that particular month. The timeframe seems right."X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing was conducted on this textile in 2017. Arsenic was detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained arsenic. The testing indicates there are high levels of arsenic (1,000-10,000 ppm). Mercury was also detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained mercury. The testing indicates there are medium (300-1,000 ppm) to high levels of mercury. See Anthropology Conservation Lab records for the full report. This object should be handled with gloves. See the Department of Anthropology "Statement on Potential Hazards (Inherent and Acquired) Associated with Collection Objects" for more detailed handling guidelines.Illus. Fig. 35, p. 95 (detail), Fig. 36, p. 96 (detail), and Fig. 51, p. 117, in Tepper, Leslie Heymann, Janice George, and Willard Joseph. 2017. Salish Blankets: robes of protection and transformation, symbols of wealth. This blanket is also described and discussed pp. 117-121 in the publication.

FROM CARD: "8/17/66: INVENTORIED."

FROM CARD: "INVENTORIED, 1 ARROW TO TROCADERO 1885. 8/17/66. *ONLY 3 OF THE 4 ARROWS ARE DEFINITELY NW COAST."See Cat.18 p. 166 in Faucourt, Camille. 2020. A La Conquête de l'Ouest : Collectes Amérindiennes de La Smithsonian Institution Conservées Au Musée Du Quai Branly-Jacques Chirac. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux. This entry is on Musee Du Quai Branly Catalog no. 71.1885.78.429, an arrow, which their records identify as formerly Smithsonian no. E2738.

FROM CARD: "VERY FINE SPECIMEN IN YELLOW, BROWN AND NATURAL; DESIGNS IN FRONT ROWS OF DEER ON YELLOW BACKGROUND; REAR ZIGZAGS HORIZONTALLY ARRANGED ON YELLOW BANDS. TWINED WEAVING." OBJECT WAS ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS MAKAH, NEAH BAY, B.C., HOWEVER THE MAKAH OF NEAH BAY ARE IN WASHINGTON STATE.BASKET WAS ILLUS. FIG. 16, P. 51 AND DISCUSSED P. 50 IN "SALISH BASKETS FROM THE WILKES EXPEDITION" BY CAROLYN J. MARR, AMERICAN INDIAN ART MAGAZINE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, 1984. ID THERE AS LARGE FLAT WRAPPED TWINED BAG, MISTAKENLY CATALOGUED AS MAKAH, BUT ACTUALLY CLATSOP OR TILLAMOOK, WEAVE 14 WARPS AND 15 WEFTS PER INCH, 31.8 CM. H, 52.1 CM. DIA., 40 CM. W.. Illus. p. 252 and discussed p. 252 and p. 383 in Gilman, Carolyn. 2003. Lewis and Clark across the divide. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. Identified there as materials: sweet grass sedge (Scirpus americanus), bear grass, cedar bark, and sea grass. Design: on the rim is a common motif known as the hell-diver bird. The animals shown are probably elk. Illus. Fig. 9.11, p. 209 in Brotherton, Barbara. 2008. S'abadeb = The gifts : Pacific Coast Salish arts and artists. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum in association with University of Washington Press. Figure caption identifies design: "obverse side displays three bands of deer with one narrow band of birds near the rim; the reverse shows four horizontal bands of zigzags."

CEDAR MASK CARVED IN SHAPE OF A BIRD, WITH DOWN ATTACHED TO BEAK AND TOP OF FACE. BEAK IS A SEPARATELY CARVED PIECE AND PAINTED RED AT THE OPENING & AT THE TOP. PUBLICATION: BAE 3RD ANNUAL REPORT, PP. 119 - 120 & PL. XVII, FIG. 36 & 37, P. 179. "MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS," BY VIOLA & MARGOLIS, ILLUSTRATED P. 141. THIS MASK WAS EXHIBITED AT VANCOUVER ART GALLERY, CANADA, IN 1967. EXHIBITED MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1985-86.FROM CARD: "CEDAR WOOD, REPRESENTING AN OWL (?), TRIMMED WITH DOWN. ILLUS. BAE 3RD ANNUAL REPORT, PL. XVII, FIG. 36-7, P. 179. 4-17-67 LOAN DATA: 19 HOLES ON REVERSE, FEATHER DOWN ON FOREHEAD AND CHIN, VERY FRAGILE; BEAK LOOSE. LOANED TO VANCOUVER ART GALL. 4-18-67. RETURNED TO THE ANTHROPOLOGY DEPT. 12-13-67." Caption and description in BAE 3rd Annual Report, p. 179 and 119, identify this mask as representing eagle or thunderbird.Provenience note, in 1841 Oregon Territory encompassed the land from Russian Alaska to Spanish California and from the Pacific to the Continental Divide. The U.S. Exploring Expedition did not go to Canada, but did reach Oregon Territory in 1841, and carried out a hydrographic survey of the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades, as well as doing some surveying inland.They had dealings with Hudson's Bay Company staff during that time, and it is probable that the HBC is the source of a number of the Northwest Coast artifacts collected by the expedition.