FROM CARD: "NO. 2790 ILLUS. IN SMITHSONIAN REPT, 1893; PL. 50; FIG. 7; P. 679. 8/17/66: INVENTORIED."These objects are Peale # 132. Peale numbers 132 - 134 are described as "Bows and arrows used by the natives of the northwest coast of America, near Fort Simpson, presented by the officers of the Hon. Hudson Bay Comp [Hudson's Bay Company]."Bow and 7 arrows.

BASKET MADE FROM CATTAIL, BEARGRASS & CEDAR BARK. THE RIM IS CONSTRUCTED OF A FALSE BRAID WITH CEDAR ROOT & BEARGRASS ADDED, WITH TWISTED BRANCH FOR LOOPS ALL AROUND,(SOME ARE MISSING). THE BASE HAS SPIRAL PLAIN TWINING WITH PARTIAL OVERLAY OF BEARGRASS TO FORM CONCENTRIC CIRCLES. THE BASKET IS DECORATED WITH ROWS OF DARK BROWN STARS AND BACKBONE DESIGNS ALTERNATING IN HORIZONTAL BANDS, FIVE IN ALL, DARK ON LIGHT. EXAMINED AND DESCRIBED BY CAROLYN MARR. ILLUS. FIG. 5 & 6, P. 47 IN "SALISH BASKETS FROM THE WILKES EXPEDITION" BY CAROLYN J. MARR, AMERICAN INDIAN ART MAGAZINE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, 1984. IDENTIFIED ON P. 46 OF THIS PUBLICATION AS TWANA BUT " ... ATYPICAL OF TWANA WORK, RESEMBLING THE NEIGHBORING CHEHALIS AND QUINAULT, WHO ALSO USE THE SAME BORDER DESIGN, CALLED 'FLIES' OR 'STARS' .... THE MAIN DESIGN DEPICTS TWO TYPES OF FISH BACKBONE PATTERNS, VARIOUSLY IDENTIFIED AS STURGEON, HERRING AND SALMON .... THE BASE IS PLAIN TWINING WITH PARTIAL OVERLAY ..."FROM CARD: "NO. 7571: EXCHANGE. MRS. J. G. SAYERS. 110 MARYLAND AVE. WASHINGTON, D.C. 4/10/1897."

Peale catalogue identifies these paddles as "Paddles from Pugets sound, and the river Columbia." Catalogue card identifies as from the Northwest Coast.Three diamond/leaf shaped bladed paddles with T-handle grips. Blades and top of shafts painted red. Parts of blades of # 2 and # 3 are missing, and # 3 is missing part of handle grip.

Attributed to U.S. Exploring Expedition/Wilkes collection on the catalogue card, however Jane Walsh doubts that attribution.

FROM CARD: "INVENTORIED. 8/17/66. ONLY A FRAGMENT OF THE BOW REMAINS."

A BLACK-BRIMMED HAT. TIGHTLY WOVEN, CONICAL RAINPROOF HAT WHICH IS SLIGHTLY CONCAVE AT THE TOP. A HEAD CAP IS WOVEN IN THE INTERIOR FOR A CLOSER FIT. THE EXTERIOR IS PAINTED WITH A BROAD BLACK BAND, AND HAS ABSTRACTED DESIGNS IN RED AND BLACK AT THE TOP. THE TOP OF THE HAT HAS A SMALL SQUARE OF BLUE FELT ATTACHED, AND THERE ARE TWO 2-PLY TWIST CORDS FOR TYING HAT TO HEAD ATTACHED TO THE INTERIOR HEAD CAP. EXHIBITED MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1985-86. EXHIBITED SITES "MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS," 1987-89. THIS PEALE NUMBER HAS BEEN ARBITRARILY ASSIGNED TO THIS CATALOGUE NUMBER FOR PURPOSES OF IDENTIFICATION.Illustrated Fig. 6, p. 55 in Ostapkowicz, Joanna, 2010, "Nuu-chah-nulth and Makah Black-brimmed Hats: Chronology and Style," American Indian Art Magazine, 35(3). Painted design on hat identified there as suggesting a frog.

FROM CARD: "TWINED WEAVING INCLOSING THE DOWN OF BIRDS WHICH FORMS A PILE OVER THE SURFACE OF THE ROBE, EXCEPT ON THE BORDERS, WHERE THE TEXTURE SHOWS AND IS ORNAMENTED WITH COLORED YARN. THE DOWN IS IN TWO COLORS. THE MATERIAL, ADMITTING OF STRIPING THE SURFACE IN NARROW BANDS, IS DOG'S HAIR MIXED WITH THAT OF THE MOUNTAIN GOAT, AND THE DOWN IS FROM AQUATIC BIRDS. WID. 41 AND 49 INCHES; LENGTH, 38 INCHES, EXCLUSIVE OF FRINGES. SALISH INDIANS, WASHINGTON. LABEL READS: "ROBE OF DOWN.--TWINED WEAVING INCLOSING THE DOWN OF BIRDS WHICH FORMS A PILE OVER THE SURFACE OF THE ROBE, EXCEPT ON THE BORDERS, WHERE THE TEXTURE SHOWS AND IS ORNAMENTED WITH COLORED YARN. THE DOWN IS IN TWO COLORS. THE MATERIAL, ADMITTING OF STRIPING THE SURFACE IN NARROW BANDS, IS DOG'S HAIR MIXED WITH THAT OF THE MOUNTAIN GOAT, AND THE DOWN IS FROM AQUATIC BIRDS. WIDTH 41 AND 49 INCHES; L. 38 INCHES, EXCLUSIVE OF FRINGES. SALISH INDIANS, WASHINGTON." ILLUS. IN AR SI, 1928; PL. 12-A; P. 634, "KRIEGER, "IND. COSTUMES" LENT TO THE BURKE MUSEUM, 2/23/89. LOAN RETURNED OCT 10 1989"Illus. Fig. 50, p. 61 of Salish Weaving by Paula Gustafson, Univ. of Washington Press, 1980. Described on p. 125, cat. entry 79, of Gustafson as: "Fibres: Warp is mountain goat hair; weft is vegetable fibre at border; birdskin strips for body of blanket. Colour: Natural grey and brown waterfowl down; borders are coloured brown, maroon, green and black. Weave: Twine." Also described on p. 59 of Gustafson: "It has a colourful twined border and the general appearance of a Hybrid Salish blanket; however the centre portion is woven from strips of down-covered birdskin in alternating horizontal stipes of grey and brown. The method of construction of this blanket resembles some of the earliest collected blankets from Nootka Sound ... it is believed to have been collected by Admiral [Charles] Wilkes and can possibly therefore be attributed to the Makah. " Illus. (in color) Pl. 2, p. 46 and described p. 44 in "A Time of Gathering: native heritage in Washington State", ed. Robin K. Wright, University of Washington Press, 1991.There is some question as to who the collector/donor of this artifact was. It has been possibly attributed to the Wilkes/U.S. Exploring Expedition on the catalogue card, though Jane Walsh questions that attribution. Wilkes attribution is indeed questionable, as no Peale number has yet been identified for this piece. Some other possible donors would be the National Institute or George Gibbs? Donor is blank in original Anthropology catalogue ledger book. Object was entered into the Anthropology catalogue ledger book in December 1866. Another possible source, if this is not a Wilkes piece, could be Dr. George Suckley? See p. 112 in Suckley, George, and J. G. Cooper, 1860, The natural history of Washington territory and Oregon: with much relating to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Utah, and California between the thirty-sixth and forty-ninth parallels of latitude : being those parts of the final reports on the survey of the Northern Pacific Railroad route, relating to the natural history of the regions explored, with full catalogues and descriptions of the plants and animals collected from 1853 to 1860, New York: Baillie're Bros.. http://www.archive.org/stream/naturalhistoryof00coop#page/112/mode/1up . Suckley and George Gibbs describe blankets made by the Clallam of wool dog hair. Suckley says that he sent to the Smithsonian a dog wool blanket and also one blanket "of dog's wool and duck feathers mixed," though an entry for this Suckley wool and feather blanket has not been located in the Smithsonian catalogues. It may be speculated that E1894-0 could possibly be the Suckley wool and duck feather blanket? Carla Dove (see below) has identified the feathers on this blanket as Mallard duck, which may be an additional argument for this blanket being from Suckley. If it is from Suckley, it may be part of Accession No. 126. See also information from Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa on the possible provenance of this textile in a pdf attached to this record. Per Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa, 2023, see also list of artifacts in George Gibbs Notebooks of Scientific Observations of the Pacific Northwest. Western Americana Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, WA MSS S-1810, notebook "Washington Territory Miscellaneous, Chiefly Natural History [ca. 1857]," Box 1, Folder 3, page image 41r https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/14462281?child_oid=14462872 .Per Chief Janice George, Squamish weaver, 2008, the borders of this textile include some commercial yarn.Reference: Solazzo, C., S. Heald, M.W. Ballard, D.A. Ashford, P.T. DePriest, R.J. Koestler, and M. Collins. 2011. Proteomics and Coast Salish blankets: A tale of shaggy dogs? Antiquity 85: 1418-1432. http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/085/ant0851418.htm . Identified there as a Hybrid (1850 and beyond) blanket - main body animal fibers woven with down and feathers; external border Mountain goat hair; sheep wool and Mountain goat hair present in braid appearing between main body and chevron-patterned twining; fringe Salish wool or woolly dog hair.Per Dr. Carla J. Dove, Smithsonian Feather Identification Lab, 2017: The physical avian identification below is based on examination of microscopic structures in the downy feathers and comparison of any whole feathers with museum study skins. Bird distributions and population status were considered in making the final species determination. Downy feathers were examined microscopically and a few whole feathers with diagnostic color and pattern were matched to Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos).X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing was conducted on this textile in 2017. Arsenic was detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained arsenic. The testing indicates there are high levels of arsenic (1,000-10,000 ppm). Mercury was also detected. The testing suggests this textile was treated with pesticides that contained mercury. The testing indicates there are medium (300-1,000 ppm) to high levels of mercury. Lead was also detected. See Anthropology Conservation Lab records for the full report. This object should be handled with gloves. See the Department of Anthropology "Statement on Potential Hazards (Inherent and Acquired) Associated with Collection Objects" for more detailed handling guidelines.

PUBLICATION: MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS, S.I. PRESS, 1985, P. 144. EXHIBITED MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1985-86. EXHIBITED SITES "MAGNIFICENT VOYAGERS, 1987-89.FROM CARD: #2614 - COWLITZ TYPE BASKET. SEE USNM A.R. 1902, ABORIGINAL AMERICAN BASKETRY, O.T. MASON, PAGE 432. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 9, PG. 511." From second card: "[Identified as] Cowlitz? *Based on comparision with other specimens. *See USNM A.R. 1902, Aboriginal American Basketry, O.T. Mason, pg. 432. Illus.: Hndbk. N. Amer. Ind., Vol. 7, Northwest Coast, Fig. 9, pg. 511." ILLUS. FIG. 10, P. 48 AND DISCUSSED P. 47 OF "SALISH BASKETS FROM THE WILKES EXPEDITION" BY CAROLYN J. MARR, AMERICAN INDIAN ART MAGAZINE, VOL. 9, NO. 3, 1984 AND ID THERE AS COILED OVAL BASKET, COWLITZ, IMBRICATED DESIGN IN FOUR FIELDS. LID IS MISSING. PROBABLY COLLECTED FROM COWLITZ ON A TRIP BETWEEN PUGET SOUND AND THE COLUMBIA RIVER IN JUNE 1841.Illus. Fig. 9.10, p. 208 in Brotherton, Barbara. 2008. S'abadeb = The gifts : Pacific Coast Salish arts and artists. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum in association with University of Washington Press. Figure caption identifies as Cowlitz coiled and imbricated basket of cedar root, bear grass, and horsetail root. "The shape and use of four design fields mark it as an early Cowlitz style."

Bow and 35 arrows. Bow is a self-bow, constricted at the grip, limbs taper to nock. A range of similar arrows with metal and chert heads; 3 feathers with radial fletching.

A BLACK-BRIMMED HAT. TIGHTLY WOVEN, CONICAL RAINPROOF HAT WHICH IS SLIGHTLY CONCAVE AT THE TOP. A HEAD CAP IS WOVEN IN THE INTERIOR FOR A CLOSER FIT. THE EXTERIOR IS PAINTED WITH A BROAD BLACK RIM BAND WITH ABSTRACTED FORMLINE DESIGNS IN RED AND BLACK AT THE TOP. THIS PEALE NUMBER HAS BEEN ARBITRARILY ASSIGNED TO THIS CATALOGUE NUMBER FOR PURPOSES OF IDENTIFICATION. Note re photos: Neg. # 88-15534 is shot of hat from side.