From card: "Fishing spear point (iron)."Object is stored with its 19th century museum exhibit mount.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/117 , retrieved 2-10-2020: Iron tip for an arrow. The tang has been shaped by folding and hammering the edges.The Smithsonian Institution catalogue identifies this as a tip for a fish spear; however, it is similar in size and shape to iron tips used on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection.There a barb on each side of the tang of this arrow head.

From card: "Fish spear point bone."Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/105 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Arrowhead made from bone. It is self-pointed, with barbs along one edge and a conical tang that appears to have been repaired. The Smithsonian Institution catalogue identifies this as a tip for a fish spear; however, it is similar in size and shape to arrowheads on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection. More information here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

FROM CARD: "ILLUS.: THE SPIRIT SINGS. CATALOGUE, GLENBOW-ALBERTA INST., 1987, #A73, P. 127."1 ARROW LENT TO PRINCE OF WALES NORTHERN HERITAGE CENTER, JUNE, 1992. LOAN GLENBOW NOV 13 1987. LOAN RETURNED NO 25 1988. LOAN RETURNED: DEC 21 1992."Note re photos: Neg. # 2003-5856 is detail shot of barbed steel head of 1 arrow.

As of 2010, this object consists of small models of simple sinew cable-backed bow, quiver, and 5 arrows; one arrow is missing its arrowhead.Quiver Model: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/95 , retrieved 2-6-2020: Miniature quiver for bow and arrows. It is made from a piece of caribou skin that was folded over and sewn with sinew along one side. A hide thong has been attached at both ends to one edge for carrying the quiver, and smaller thong have been attached along the opposite edge, perhaps for decoration. One side of the quiver has been decorated with ochre stain running along the edges and perpendicular to and adjoining the line along one edge are several other decorative embellishments also made from red ochre, some of which appear to be human figurines. Note: Associated bow and arrow models are not described on the Inuvialuit Living History webpage. General information about bow and arrow models is available here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/10: The MacFarlane Collection contains accurate models of bows and arrows. Both simple and recurve bows are included. Simple bows curve in an arc from one end to another when they are strung, and recurve bows are constructed so that the centre of the strung bow curves towards the archer then bends away at each end. The recurve bows and several of the simple bows have sinew backing. Models of traditional tools were commonly made by Inuvialuit for trade with Europeans.

FROM CARD: "ARROWS FOR HUNTING AND FISHING (9). BONE OR IVORY HEADS--TWO BLUNT, QUADRILOBATE, HAVING BARBED IVORY OR IRON TIPS. THE HEADS ARE DRIVEN INTO LIGHT CEDAR SHAFTS; HEADS AND FEATHERS SECURED BY SEIZING OF FINE SINEW. USED BY ESKIMO FROM ARCTIC COAST OF NORTH AM. LENGTH OF SHAFT, 21 1/2 TO 26", HEADS, 2 1/2 TO 6 1/2". *QUIVER DOUBLE ENTRY UNDER CT. #589."

FROM CARD: "BOW QUIVER & 4 ARROWS."As of 2010, this object consists of small sinew cable-backed bow and 4 small arrows.Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/76 , retrieved 12-17-2019: This miniature bow and arrow set is about one-third scale when compared to full size bow and arrows in the collection. Although it could have been made for a boy, it is listed in the Smithsonian Institution's catalogue as a model. The simple bow has sinew backing. One of the arrows is tipped with an iron arrowhead, and one has an arrowhead made of bone. Arrowheads are missing from the two other arrows.

There are currently two objects with this catalogue number: one is an iron barbed arrowhead, the other is a bone barbed arrowhead. The catalogue card identifies this as "fish spear point iron", so the catalogue number for the bone arrowhead may be incorrect (it possibly could be # 7427 instead?)The bone arrowhead only is described in Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/200 , retrieved 1-27-2020: Arrowhead made from bone. It is self-pointed, with barbs along one edge and a conical tang that appears to have been repaired. A line has been incised on either side of the barbs. Note that this object was originally listed in the Smithsonian catalogue as a fish spear point, but was reidentified by the Inuvialuit project as an arrowhead. The Inuvialuit website notes about other similar arrowheads originally listed as fish spear points, that they are similar in size and shape to arrowheads on arrows in the MacFarlane Collection, and so have been reidentified as arrowheads. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

PER CARD, ORIGINALLY CATALOGUED AS A BOW, QUIVER, AND 8 ARROWS. FROM CARD: "QUIVER, BOW, ARROW-ILLUS. IN SMITHSONIAN REPT, 1893; PL. 94; FIG. 679."There is no bow with this quiver and arrow set as of 27 Oct 2009.Quiver: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/290 , retrieved 2-5-2020: Quiver, part of a set that includes seven arrows. The quiver is made from caribou hide. It has a sleeve for a stiffener sewn along one side, and a carrying strap made from a hide thon is sewn onto that side. Above the carrying strap is another thong that likely was used for wrapping around the quiver when not in use. Ten cut and notched hoof sheaths have been attached to the quiver with hide thongs; several other thongs sewn along the sides may have held similar hooves. The quiver has been decorated on one side with red ochre lines. One line runs almost the entire length of the quiver. Shorter lines terminating in a 'Y' shape are connected to the longer line at right angles. Between each of these lines is a still shorter line. The quiver is large enough to have held a strung bow, in addition to the arrows. More information on quivers here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/46: Arrows were kept in skin quivers that hunters carried slung on their backs. Red ochre stain and other decorations were often added to bring luck or to give power to the hunter.Arrows: Source of the information below: Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: Inuvialuit Living History, The MacFarlane Collection website, by the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre (ICRC), Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada (website credits here http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/posts/12 ), entry on this artifact http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/items/29 , retrieved 2-5-2020: This is a set of seven arrows that was acquired with a quiver. Six of the arrows have been fletched with rough-legged hawk feathers, and one has goose feather fletching. Five arrows have bone or antler arrowheads, and of those, four have barbs along one edge. Four of the bone and antler arrowheads have been tipped with metal blades inserted into slots at the ends of the arrowheads, and one is self-pointed. Arrowheads are missing from two arrows. Each of the arrows has been decorated with four lines applied with black stain encircling the shaft tin the area of the fletching. These marks may have been applied to identify the owner. More information on arrows here: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/item_types/4: Complete arrows as well as separate arrowheads are present in the MacFarlane Collection. The arrow shafts are made from a single piece of spruce, and typically are 60 to 70 cm. long. Most have been stained with red ochre. The shafts are round in cross section, except near the notch for the bowstring where they are slightly flattened to provide a better grip for the fingers. Fleching consists of two split and trimmed feathers attached with sinew lashing. Several types of arrowheads were used, depending on the game that was hunted. Some of the ochre markings on arrow shafts may have been owner's marks, and some arrowheads are likewise marked with notches and incised lines that might have been used to identify their owner. Community Interpretations Darrel Nasogaluak: Arrowheads were meant to come off the shaft after an animal was struck. My grandfather Edgar Kotokak told me that barbs were cut into only one edge so that the head moved around inside the wound as the animal moved, increasing the chance of killing it.

1 arrow from this set is on loan to the Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, from 2010 through 2027.List in accession file indicates collection was purchased by McLean in Sitka in 1884 and includes "3. Bows and 8 arrows complete from Yakutat" which seems to refer to E75453 - 5.From card: "[Bow] 75454 (Tlingit) and 75455 (Tinne) [i.e. Athabascan] illus. in USNM AR, 1888, Pl. 26, figs. 109, 155; p. 286. [Publication caption identifies bow 75454 as Tlingit type; narrow.] An arrow, # 75454 was lent to the Crossroads of Continents exhibit, Sept., 1988, as # 16407 (by mistake). Hence the object illustrated in the Crossroads catalog as # 16407 [Fig. 76 on p. 73] is actually # 75454. The mistake was discovered when the loan returned Jan. 21, 1993. (S. Crawford, 2-23-93)." Identified in Crossroads catalogue caption as "Harpoon arrow for sea otters."One arrow appears in the Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center Alaska Native Collections: Sharing Knowledge website, by Aron Crowell. The entry on this arrow in the website http://alaska.si.edu/record.asp?id=616 , retrieved 12-30-2011, is the source of the information below: Sea otter arrow, Tlingit, Yakutat, Alaska. Fleets of canoes cruised the coast to find sea otters, encircling one when it was found. Hunters pierced it with the barbed tips of harpoon-arrows, which then dislodged from the shafts, leaving them to trail behind on sinew cords. Otters were depleted in most of southeast Alaska by 1825, but hunting continued at Lituya Bay, Yakutat, and Icy Bay until the early twentieth century. This arrow has a willow shaft and barbed bone tip. Length 123 cm..