FROM CARD: "ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 1 PP, PG. 3."

FROM CARD: "ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 100, PG. 3. IDENTIFIED THERE AS BARK PROCESSING TOOL OF PECKED STONE."

FROM CARD: "WHALE RIB. LENT TO MUSEO NACIONAL DE ANTROPOLOGIA, MAY 18, 1964." Loan returned 2012. Identified as Marine Mammal/Walrus bone, rather than whale, during preparation of affidavits on organic materials for Mexico loan return, 2011.

From card: "Thin board, sharp on lower edge and with hand grip on upper edge. Used for breaking cedar bark."Bark shredder.Clyde Tallio (Nuxalk) of the delegation from Bella Bella, Bella Coola and Rivers Inlet communities of British Columbia made the following comments during the Recovering Voices Community Research Visit May 20th - 24th, 2013. This is a shredder, not a beater. After you've beaten your bark and softened it, you take the bark and you put it at the edge of a box or a table, and you use the shredder to fray the fibers. Then you're able to make it into clothing, diapers, or menstrual pads. There is a cedar bark softening dance.Listed on page 50 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)".

Provenience note: many objects in the Chirouse collection were catalogued as Duwamish, however that really only seems to definitively apply to Catalogue No. 130965. Accession record indicates that the collection is the "handiwork of the Snohomish, Swinomish, Lummi, Muckleshoot and Etakmur Indians on the Tulalip Reservation in Washington Territory".Listed on page 50 in "The Exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915", in section "Arts of the Northwest Coast Tribes (Tools)".

FROM CARD: "FOR PREPARING BARK FIBRE FOR WEAVING. ILLUS.: HNDBK. N. AMER. IND., VOL. 7, NORTHWEST COAST, FIG. 1NN, PG. 3." Identified in Handbook caption as a bark processing tool.Bark beater.